PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126557 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of Siberia			Precambrian of Russia	Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of the Pamirs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Australia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6												0
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene							0.0117
				Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene							0.129
				Calabrian						Early Pleistocene							0.774
				Gelasian						Early Pleistocene							1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Late Pliocene					Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean						Early Pliocene							3.6
			Miocene	Messinian						Late Miocene							5.333
				Tortonian						Late Miocene							7.246
				Serravallian	Cenozoic 5					Middle Miocene							11.63
				Langhian						Middle Miocene							13.82
				Burdigalian						Early Miocene							15.98
				Aquitanian						Early Miocene							20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4					Late Oligocene							23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4					Early Oligocene							27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3					Late Eocene							33.9
				Bartonian	Cenozoic 3					Middle Eocene							37.71
				Lutetian	Cenozoic 2					Middle Eocene							41.2
				Ypresian	Cenozoic 2					Early Eocene							47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1					Late Paleocene							56
				Selandian						Middle Paleocene							59.2
				Danian						Early Paleocene							61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8												66
				Campanian	Cretaceous 7												72.1
				Santonian	Cretaceous 6												83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4												100.5
				Aptian	Cretaceous 3												113
				Barremian	Cretaceous 2												121.4
				Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2												125.77
				Valanginian	Cretaceous 1												132.6
				Berriasian	Cretaceous 1												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6							Oteke	Puaroan				145
				Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5							Oteke	Puaroan				149.2
												Kawhia	Ohauan				150
													Heterian				154.5
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Callovian									Temaikan				164.3
				Bathonian	Jurassic 4												165.3
				Bajocian	Jurassic 4												168.2
				Aalenian	Jurassic 3												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Toarcian								Herangi	Ururoan				176
				Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2								Ururoan				184.2
				Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2								Aratauran				188.9
				Sinemurian	Jurassic 1												192.9
				Hettangian	Jurassic 1												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4							Balfour	Otapirian				201.4
				Norian									Warepan				208.5
													Otamitan				217
													Oretian				221
				Carnian	Triassic 3								Oretian				227
				Carnian	Triassic 3							Gore	Kaihikuan				227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2								Kaihikuan				237
				Ladinian									Etalian				238
				Anisian									Etalian				242
				Anisian									Malakovian				246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1								Malakovian				247.2
				Olenekian									Nelsonian				249
Induan				251.2									Nelsonian
Induan				DUrville		Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4	Makarewan	Dorashamian	251.902
			Changhsingian			Waiitian	Dorashamian	253.2
			Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.14
			Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian		Aparima	Flettian		259.51
			Wordian				Flettian		264.28
							Barettian		266
				Murgabian					266.2 *
			Roadian	Murgabian	Permian 3				266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	Kubergandian				273.01
					Kubergandian		Mangapirian		276
					Bolorian				279.8
			Artinskian						283.5
							Telfordian		285
					Yakhtashian		Telfordian		286
					Yakhtashian				288.5
			Sakmarian		Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian	Permian 1	Asselian				293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5					298.9
			Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5					303.7
			Moscovian	Carboniferous 4					307
			Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3					323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2					330.9
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1					346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					393.3
			Pragian	Devonian 1					407.6
			Lochkovian	Devonian 1					410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1					433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5					Bolindian	443.8
			Katian						Bolindian	445.2
									Eastonian	449 *
									Gisbornian	452 *
			Sandbian	Ordovician 4					Gisbornian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3					Darriwilian	458.4
			Dapingian	Ordovician 2					Yapeenian	467.3
			Dapingian						Castlemainian	468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian						Chewtonian	470
									Bendigonian	471.8 *
									Lancefieldian	473.5 *
			Tremadocian	Ordovician 1					Lancefieldian	477.7
									Warendian	482.8 *
									Warendian	Mansian †	483.55 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5					Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian		485.4
			Jiangshanian						Batyrbaian				489.5
									Aksaian				490.7 *
									Sakian				492.2 *
			Paibian										494
			Paibian								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4					Ayusokkanian				Series 3 †	497
			Guzhangian						Mayan/Menevian					499.5
			Drumian						Mayan/Menevian					500.5
			Wuliuan	Cambrian 3				Amgan/Solvan	Stage 5 †					504.5
Series 2		Stage 4						Amgan/Solvan					509
								Toyonian		Lenian †			510 *
								Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3		Cambrian 2				Botomian					514
		Stage 3						Atdabanian					515.6 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2						Tommotian					521
		Stage 2						Nemakit-Daldynian					525.5
		Fortunian		Cambrian 1				Nemakit-Daldynian		Manykaian †			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian														720
		Tonian													Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													Karatau	1000
		Stenian													Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian													Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian				Burzyan	1375
																	1400