International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

  • K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
  • W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
  • D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
  • J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126557 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic TimescaleTen Million Year BinsCambrian of SiberiaPrecambrian of RussiaCenozoic SubepochsPermian of the PamirsPermian-Jurassic of New ZealandOrdovician of AustraliaObsolete Names for ICS Units
PhanerozoicCenozoicQuaternaryHoloceneMeghalayanCenozoic 60
Northgrippian0.0042
Greenlandian0.0082
PleistoceneLate PleistoceneLate Pleistocene0.0117
ChibanianMiddle Pleistocene0.129
CalabrianEarly Pleistocene0.774
Gelasian1.8
NeogenePliocenePiacenzianLate PlioceneTertiary †2.58
ZancleanEarly Pliocene3.6
MioceneMessinianLate Miocene5.333
Tortonian7.246
SerravallianCenozoic 5Middle Miocene11.63
Langhian13.82
BurdigalianEarly Miocene15.98
Aquitanian20.44
PaleogeneOligoceneChattianCenozoic 4Late Oligocene23.03
RupelianEarly Oligocene27.82
EocenePriabonianCenozoic 3Late Eocene33.9
BartonianMiddle Eocene37.71
LutetianCenozoic 241.2
YpresianEarly Eocene47.8
PaleoceneThanetianCenozoic 1Late Paleocene56
SelandianMiddle Paleocene59.2
DanianEarly Paleocene61.6
MesozoicCretaceousLate CretaceousMaastrichtianCretaceous 866
CampanianCretaceous 772.1
SantonianCretaceous 683.6
Coniacian86.3
Turonian89.8
CenomanianCretaceous 593.9
Early CretaceousAlbianCretaceous 4100.5
AptianCretaceous 3113
BarremianCretaceous 2121.4
Hauterivian125.77
ValanginianCretaceous 1132.6
Berriasian139.8
JurassicLate JurassicTithonianJurassic 6OtekePuaroan145
KimmeridgianJurassic 5149.2
KawhiaOhauan150
Heterian154.5
Oxfordian154.8
Middle JurassicCallovian161.5
Temaikan164.3
BathonianJurassic 4165.3
Bajocian168.2
AalenianJurassic 3170.9
Early JurassicToarcian174.7
HerangiUruroan176
PliensbachianJurassic 2184.2
Aratauran188.9
SinemurianJurassic 1192.9
Hettangian199.5
TriassicLate TriassicRhaetianTriassic 4BalfourOtapirian201.4
NorianWarepan208.5
Otamitan217
Oretian221
CarnianTriassic 3227
GoreKaihikuan227.5
Middle TriassicLadinianTriassic 2237
Etalian238
Anisian242
Malakovian246
Early TriassicOlenekianTriassic 1247.2
Nelsonian249
Induan251.2
DUrvilleMakarewan251.5
PaleozoicPermianLopingianChanghsingianPermian 4Dorashamian251.902
Waiitian253.2
WuchiapingianDzhulfianLongtanian †254.14
Puruhauan254.2
GuadalupianCapitanianMidianAparimaFlettian259.51
Wordian264.28
Barettian266
Murgabian266.2 *
RoadianPermian 3266.9
CisuralianKungurianPermian 2Kubergandian273.01
Mangapirian276
Bolorian279.8
Artinskian283.5
Telfordian285
Yakhtashian286
288.5
SakmarianSakmarian290.1
AsselianPermian 1Asselian293.52
CarboniferousPennsylvanianGzhelianCarboniferous 5298.9
Kasimovian303.7
MoscovianCarboniferous 4307
Bashkirian315.2
MississippianSerpukhovianCarboniferous 3323.2
ViseanCarboniferous 2330.9
TournaisianCarboniferous 1346.7
DevonianLate DevonianFamennianDevonian 5358.9
FrasnianDevonian 4372.2
Middle DevonianGivetianDevonian 3382.7
Eifelian387.7
Early DevonianEmsianDevonian 2393.3
PragianDevonian 1407.6
Lochkovian410.8
SilurianPridoliSilurian 2419.2
LudlowLudfordian423
Gorstian425.6
WenlockHomerian427.4
Sheinwoodian430.5
LlandoveryTelychianSilurian 1433.4
Aeronian438.5
Rhuddanian440.8
OrdovicianLate OrdovicianHirnantianOrdovician 5Bolindian443.8
Katian445.2
Eastonian449 *
Gisbornian452 *
SandbianOrdovician 4453
Middle OrdovicianDarriwilianOrdovician 3Darriwilian458.4
DapingianOrdovician 2Yapeenian467.3
Castlemainian468.5 *
Early OrdovicianFloianChewtonian470
Bendigonian471.8 *
Lancefieldian473.5 *
TremadocianOrdovician 1477.7
Warendian482.8 *
Mansian †483.55 *
CambrianFurongianStage 10Cambrian 5BatyrbaianTavgian †Ketyan †/Yurakian485.4
Jiangshanian489.5
Aksaian490.7 *
Sakian492.2 *
Paibian494
Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian494.7 *
MiaolingianGuzhangianCambrian 4AyusokkanianSeries 3 †497
Mayan/Menevian499.5
Drumian500.5
WuliuanCambrian 3Amgan/SolvanStage 5 †504.5
Series 2Stage 4509
ToyonianLenian †510 *
Botomian512.5 *
Stage 3Cambrian 2514
Atdabanian515.6 *
TerreneuvianStage 2Tommotian521
Nemakit-Daldynian525.5
FortunianCambrian 1Manykaian †529
ProterozoicNeoproterozoicEdiacaranVendian538.8
Cryogenian635
Tonian720
Karatau800
MesoproterozoicStenian1000
Yurmatian1100
Ectasian1200
Burzyan1375
1400