PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126165 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of the Salt Range	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Devonian of Eastern North America		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6												0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene										0.129
		Calabrian			Early Pleistocene										0.774
		Gelasian			Early Pleistocene										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene								Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean			Early Pliocene										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene										5.333
		Tortonian			Late Miocene										7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5		Middle Miocene										11.63
		Langhian			Middle Miocene										13.82
		Burdigalian			Early Miocene										15.98
		Aquitanian			Early Miocene										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4		Late Oligocene										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4		Early Oligocene										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3		Late Eocene										33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3		Middle Eocene										37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2		Middle Eocene										41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2		Early Eocene										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1		Late Paleocene										56
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene										59.2
		Danian			Early Paleocene										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8												66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7												72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6												83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4												100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3												113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2												121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2												125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1												132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6							Oteke	Puaroan				145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5							Oteke	Puaroan				149.2
										Kawhia	Ohauan				150
											Heterian				154.5
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Callovian									Temaikan				164.3
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4												165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4												168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Toarcian								Herangi	Ururoan				176
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2								Ururoan				184.2
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2								Aratauran				188.9
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1												192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4							Balfour	Otapirian				201.4
		Norian									Warepan				208.5
											Otamitan				217
											Oretian				221
		Carnian	Triassic 3								Oretian				227
		Carnian	Triassic 3							Gore	Kaihikuan				227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2								Kaihikuan				237
		Ladinian									Etalian				238
		Anisian									Etalian				242
		Anisian									Malakovian				246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1								Malakovian				247.2
		Olenekian									Nelsonian				249
		Induan		251.2							Nelsonian
		Induan		Kathwai		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Kathwai				251.902
								252.4 *
				Chhidru				252.9 *
							Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian					Waiitian	Longtanian †	254.14
							Puruhauan		254.2
				Kalabagh					255 *
				Wargal					256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Aparima	Flettian		259.51
		Wordian							264.28
									265.3 *
							Barettian		266
				Amb					266.1 *
		Roadian	Permian 3	Amb					266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3						270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2						273.01
		Kungurian					Mangapirian		276
		Artinskian					Mangapirian		283.5
							Telfordian		285
									288.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5		Mapingian †				Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian			Mapingian †					303.7
		Kasimovian								305.9
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4						Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4						Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3						Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2						Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1						Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5						Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4						West Fallsian/Sonyean		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3						Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3						Southwoodian		Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2						Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1									407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1									410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
	Ludlow	Gorstian										425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian										427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1									433.4
		Aeronian										438.5
		Rhuddanian										440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5									443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5									445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4									453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3									458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2									467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2									470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1									Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5									Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian										Batyrbaian	489.5
												Aksaian	490.7 *
												Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian										Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4									Ayusokkanian	Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian												499.5
		Drumian										Zhanaarykian		500.5
		Drumian										Tuesaian		503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3					Stage 5 †				Tuesaian		504.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †						505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4												509
												Toyonian		510 *
												Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2									Botomian		514
		Stage 3										Atdabanian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										Tommotian		521
		Stage 2												525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1											529
															538.8