PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of Australia	Devonian of Eastern North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Tertiary †						2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
			Miocene	Messinian											5.333
				Tortonian											7.246
				Serravallian											11.63
				Langhian											13.82
				Burdigalian											15.98
				Aquitanian											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
				Bartonian											37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Lancian/Edmontonian										66
				Campanian	Judithian/Aquilan										72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian		Epizigzagiceras									168.2
				Bajocian		Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense									168.4
				Aalenian		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta									174.7
						Planulata									179.3 *
						Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi							179.8 *
						Kanense									181.3 *
						Carlottense									182.3 *
						Kunae									183.5 *
				Pliensbachian		Kunae									184.2
						Freboldi									185.1 *
						Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras								186.2 *
							Tetraspidoceras								189.2 *
						Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis								190.3 *
				Sinemurian											192.9
						Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras							196.4 *
						Franziceras/Euphyllites									196.5 *
				Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites									199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †					254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian											259.51
				Wordian											264.28
				Roadian											266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
			Kasimovian	303.7
			Moscovian	307
			Bashkirian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway							358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean							372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan							Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Southwoodian							Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian							Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian									407.6
			Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian		Pridoli									419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Bolindian						443.8
			Katian		Bolindian						445.2
					Eastonian						449 *
					Gisbornian						452 *
			Sandbian		Gisbornian						453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian						458.4
			Dapingian		Yapeenian						467.3
			Dapingian		Castlemainian						468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian						470
					Bendigonian						471.8 *
					Lancefieldian						473.5 *
			Tremadocian		Lancefieldian						477.7
			Tremadocian		Warendian						482.8 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
			Jiangshanian								489.5
			Paibian								494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †	497
			Drumian									500.5
			Wuliuan							Stage 5 †		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4									509
		Series 2	Stage 3									514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian				Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian				Karatau	1000
		Stenian				Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian				Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian				Burzyan	1375
															1400