PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Permian of China	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Serravallian									11.63
		Langhian									13.82
		Burdigalian									15.98
		Aquitanian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
		Bartonian									37.71
		Lutetian									41.2
		Ypresian									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Lancian/Edmontonian								66
		Campanian	Judithian/Aquilan								72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Meishanian							251.902
		Changhsingian		Baoqingian							253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian					Longtanian †		254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Laibinian					Longtanian †		257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Lengwuan							259.51
		Wordian		Kuhfengian							264.28
		Roadian		Kuhfengian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Luodianian							273.01
		Artinskian		Luodianian							283.5
		Artinskian		Longlinian							285.4 *
		Sakmarian		Longlinian							290.1
		Asselian		Zisongian							293.52
		Asselian			Kuzel						297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Late Pennsylvanian				298.9
											300.1
					Stephanian	Stephanian C					300.3 *
						Stephanian B					300.9 *
						Stephanian A				301.4 *
		Kasimovian				Stephanian A				303.7
		Kasimovian				Cantabrian				305 *
		Moscovian				Cantabrian	Middle Pennsylvanian			307
					Westphalian	Westphalian D				307.4 *
						Westphalian C				309.8
						Westphalian B				314.6
		Bashkirian				Westphalian B	Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
						Westphalian A				317 *
					Namurian	Yeadonian				318.8 *
						Marsdenian				320.2 *
						Kinderscoutian				321.5 *
						Alportian				322 *
						Chokierian				323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chokierian	Late Mississippian			323.2
						Arnsbergian				324 *
						Pendleian				327.4 *
		Visean			Warnantian	Brigantian †	Middle Mississippian	330.9
					Livian	Asbian †		336.3 *
			Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian			Early Mississippian	346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian			Early Mississippian	353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †	497
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †	504.5
											509