PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126606 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Cretaceous Subepochs	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean							3.6
	Miocene	Messinian							5.333
		Tortonian							7.246
		Serravallian							11.63
		Langhian							13.82
		Burdigalian							15.98
		Aquitanian							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							33.9
		Bartonian							37.71
		Lutetian							41.2
		Ypresian							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian							56
		Selandian							59.2
		Danian							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Lancian/Edmontonian	Senonian					66
		Campanian	Judithian/Aquilan						72.1
		Santonian							83.6
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Gallic					100.5
		Aptian							113
		Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian		Neocomian					125.77
		Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian							139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
		Kimmeridgian							149.2
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian							165.3
		Bajocian							168.2
		Aalenian							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
		Pliensbachian							184.2
		Sinemurian							192.9
		Hettangian							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
		Norian							208.5
		Carnian							227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian							237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian							242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian							247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan							251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Artinskian							283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian				298.9
		Kasimovian			Late Pennsylvanian				303.7
		Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian				307
		Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian				323.2
		Visean			Middle Mississippian				330.9
		Tournaisian			Early Mississippian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †			497
		Drumian				500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †	504.5
									509