PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126557 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Precambrian of Russia	Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of the Pamirs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Australia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene						0.0117
				Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene						0.129
				Calabrian			Early Pleistocene						0.774
				Gelasian			Early Pleistocene						1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene					Tertiary †	2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean			Early Pliocene						3.6
			Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene						5.333
				Tortonian			Late Miocene						7.246
				Serravallian			Middle Miocene						11.63
				Langhian			Middle Miocene						13.82
				Burdigalian			Early Miocene						15.98
				Aquitanian			Early Miocene						20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene						23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian			Early Oligocene						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene						33.9
				Bartonian			Middle Eocene						37.71
				Lutetian			Middle Eocene						41.2
				Ypresian			Early Eocene						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Late Paleocene						56
				Selandian			Middle Paleocene						59.2
				Danian			Early Paleocene						61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Lancian/Edmontonian								66
				Campanian	Judithian/Aquilan								72.1
				Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
				Aptian									113
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Oteke	Puaroan			145
				Kimmeridgian					Oteke	Puaroan			149.2
									Kawhia	Ohauan			150
										Heterian			154.5
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Callovian						Temaikan			164.3
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian									168.2
				Aalenian									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
				Toarcian					Herangi	Ururoan			176
				Pliensbachian						Ururoan			184.2
				Pliensbachian						Aratauran			188.9
				Sinemurian									192.9
				Hettangian									199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Balfour	Otapirian			201.4
				Norian						Warepan			208.5
										Otamitan			217
										Oretian			221
				Carnian						Oretian			227
				Carnian					Gore	Kaihikuan			227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Kaihikuan			237
				Ladinian						Etalian			238
				Anisian						Etalian			242
				Anisian						Malakovian			246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian						Malakovian			247.2
				Olenekian						Nelsonian			249
				Induan						Nelsonian			251.2
				Induan					DUrville	Makarewan			251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Dorashamian		Makarewan			251.902
Waiitian				Changhsingian		253.2		Dorashamian
Waiitian				Wuchiapingian		Dzhulfian		Longtanian †		254.14
Puruhauan				Wuchiapingian		Dzhulfian		Longtanian †		254.2
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Midian		Aparima		Flettian		259.51
			Wordian					Flettian		264.28
								Barettian		266
				Murgabian						266.2 *
			Roadian	Murgabian						266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Kubergandian						273.01
				Kubergandian				Mangapirian		276
				Bolorian						279.8
			Artinskian							283.5
								Telfordian		285
				Yakhtashian				Telfordian		286
				Yakhtashian						288.5
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian						290.1
			Asselian	Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
			Kasimovian							303.7
			Moscovian							307
			Bashkirian							315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Bolindian		443.8
			Katian		Bolindian		445.2
					Eastonian		449 *
					Gisbornian		452 *
			Sandbian		Gisbornian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian		458.4
			Dapingian		Yapeenian		467.3
			Dapingian		Castlemainian		468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian		470
					Bendigonian		471.8 *
					Lancefieldian		473.5 *
			Tremadocian		Lancefieldian		477.7
			Tremadocian		Warendian		482.8 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				485.4
			Jiangshanian				489.5
			Paibian				494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †			497
			Drumian							500.5
			Wuliuan						Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4							509
		Series 2	Stage 3							514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
													1400