PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126557 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Cambrian of Siberia			Precambrian of Russia	Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of the Pamirs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Australia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Late Pleistocene						0.0117
				Chibanian							Middle Pleistocene						0.129
				Calabrian							Early Pleistocene						0.774
				Gelasian							Early Pleistocene						1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Late Pliocene					Tertiary †	2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean							Early Pliocene						3.6
			Miocene	Messinian							Late Miocene						5.333
				Tortonian							Late Miocene						7.246
				Serravallian							Middle Miocene						11.63
				Langhian							Middle Miocene						13.82
				Burdigalian							Early Miocene						15.98
				Aquitanian							Early Miocene						20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Late Oligocene						23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian							Early Oligocene						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian							Late Eocene						33.9
				Bartonian							Middle Eocene						37.71
				Lutetian							Middle Eocene						41.2
				Ypresian							Early Eocene						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian							Late Paleocene						56
				Selandian							Middle Paleocene						59.2
				Danian							Early Paleocene						61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									Oteke	Puaroan			145
				Kimmeridgian									Oteke	Puaroan			149.2
													Kawhia	Ohauan			150
														Heterian			154.5
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Callovian										Temaikan			164.3
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian	Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites												168.2
				Bajocian		Humphresianum											168.4
				Aalenian	Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense											174.7
						Thouarsense							Herangi	Ururoan			176
																	180.1
					Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum												182
				Pliensbachian	Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni												184.2
				Pliensbachian	Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni									Aratauran			188.9
				Sinemurian	Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi												192.9
				Hettangian	Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									Balfour	Otapirian			201.4
				Norian										Warepan			208.5
														Otamitan			217
														Oretian			221
				Carnian										Oretian			227
				Carnian									Gore	Kaihikuan			227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										Kaihikuan			237
				Ladinian										Etalian			238
				Anisian										Etalian			242
				Anisian										Malakovian			246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										Malakovian			247.2
				Olenekian										Nelsonian			249
Induan				251.2										Nelsonian
Induan				DUrville			Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Makarewan	Dorashamian	251.902
			Changhsingian				Waiitian	Dorashamian	253.2
			Wuchiapingian				Waiitian	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.14
			Wuchiapingian				Puruhauan	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian			Aparima	Flettian		259.51
			Wordian					Flettian		264.28
								Barettian		266
				Murgabian						266.2 *
			Roadian	Murgabian						266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian						273.01
				Kubergandian				Mangapirian		276
				Bolorian						279.8
			Artinskian							283.5
								Telfordian		285
				Yakhtashian				Telfordian		286
				Yakhtashian						288.5
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian						290.1
			Asselian	Asselian						293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
			Kasimovian							303.7
			Moscovian							307
			Bashkirian							315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
			Visean							330.9
			Tournaisian							346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
			Pragian							407.6
			Lochkovian							410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Bolindian	443.8
			Katian							Bolindian	445.2
										Eastonian	449 *
										Gisbornian	452 *
			Sandbian			453				Gisbornian
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian				458.4
			Dapingian			Yapeenian				467.3
			Dapingian			Castlemainian				468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Chewtonian				470
						Bendigonian				471.8 *
					Lancefieldian	473.5 *
			Tremadocian		Lancefieldian	477.7
					Warendian	482.8 *
					Warendian	Mansian †				483.55 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Batyrbaian	Tavgian †				Ketyan †/Yurakian		485.4
			Jiangshanian		Batyrbaian							489.5
					Aksaian							490.7 *
					Sakian							492.2 *
			Paibian									494
			Paibian							Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Ayusokkanian							Series 3 †	497
			Guzhangian		Mayan/Menevian								499.5
			Drumian		Mayan/Menevian								500.5
			Wuliuan		Amgan/Solvan				Stage 5 †				504.5
Series 2		Stage 4			Amgan/Solvan							509
					Toyonian	Lenian †						510 *
					Botomian							512.5 *
		Stage 3			Botomian							514
		Stage 3			Atdabanian							515.6 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2			Tommotian							521
		Stage 2			Nemakit-Daldynian							525.5
		Fortunian			Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian												Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												Karatau	1000
		Stenian												Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian												Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian					Burzyan	1375
																	1400