PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Mesozoic Subages		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Ordovician of Australia	Obsolete Precambrian Ages	Ten Million Year Bins	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											Cenozoic 6		0
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
				Chibanian													0.129
				Calabrian													0.774
				Gelasian													1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Tertiary †	2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
			Miocene	Messinian													5.333
				Tortonian													7.246
				Serravallian											Cenozoic 5		11.63
				Langhian													13.82
				Burdigalian													15.98
				Aquitanian													20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Cenozoic 4		23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											Cenozoic 4		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											Cenozoic 3		33.9
				Bartonian											Cenozoic 3		37.71
				Lutetian											Cenozoic 2		41.2
				Ypresian											Cenozoic 2		47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											Cenozoic 1		56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian										Cretaceous 8		66
				Campanian	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian										Cretaceous 7		72.1
				Santonian	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian										Cretaceous 6		83.6
				Coniacian	Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian	Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian										Cretaceous 5		93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian	Late Albian										Cretaceous 4		100.5
					Middle Albian												106.2 *
					Early Albian												109.9 *
				Aptian	Late Aptian										Cretaceous 3		113
				Aptian	Early Aptian										Cretaceous 3		119.5 *
				Barremian	Late Barremian/Early Barremian										Cretaceous 2		121.4
				Hauterivian	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian										Cretaceous 2		125.77
				Valanginian	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian										Cretaceous 1		132.6
				Berriasian	Late Berriasian												139.8
					Middle Berriasian												140.6 *
					Early Berriasian												142.7 *
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian									Jurassic 6		145
				Tithonian	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian									Jurassic 6		146.3 *
				Kimmeridgian	Late Kimmeridgian										Jurassic 5		149.2
				Kimmeridgian	Early Kimmeridgian												152.2 *
				Oxfordian	Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian											154.8
				Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian											157.9 *
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian										Jurassic 4		165.3
				Bajocian	Late Bajocian						Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites						168.2
					Late Bajocian							Humphresianum					168.4
					Early Bajocian							Humphresianum					168.6 *
				Aalenian	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian						Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum				Jurassic 3		170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Late Toarcian						Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense					174.7
					Late Toarcian												180.1
					Middle Toarcian												180.4 *
					Middle Toarcian						Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum						182
					Early Toarcian						Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum						182.9 *
				Pliensbachian	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian						Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni				Jurassic 2		184.2
				Sinemurian	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian						Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi				Jurassic 1		192.9
				Hettangian	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian						Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis				Jurassic 1		199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											Triassic 4		201.4
				Norian	Sevatian												208.5
					Alaunian												213.2 *
Lacian					216.7 *
Carnian				Tuvalian	Triassic 3		227
Carnian				Julian	Triassic 3		233.4 *
Middle Triassic			Ladinian	Longobardian	Triassic 2		237
			Ladinian	Fassanian			239.7 *
			Anisian	Illyrian			242
				Pelsonian			243.8 *
				Bithynian			244.7 *
				Aegean			245.5 *
Early Triassic			Olenekian	Spathian	Triassic 1		247.2
			Olenekian	Smithian			248.9 *
			Induan	Dienerian			251.2
			Induan	Griesbachian			251.4 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4		Meishanian	251.902
			Changhsingian				Baoqingian	253.4 *
			Wuchiapingian				Laoshanian	Longtanian †	254.14
			Wuchiapingian				Laibinian	Longtanian †	257.7 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian				Lengwuan		259.51
			Wordian				Kuhfengian		264.28
			Roadian		Permian 3		Kuhfengian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2		Luodianian		273.01
			Artinskian				Luodianian		283.5
			Artinskian				Longlinian		285.4 *
			Sakmarian				Longlinian		290.1
			Asselian		Permian 1		Zisongian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5		Zisongian		298.9
			Gzhelian						300.1
			Kasimovian						303.7
			Moscovian		Carboniferous 4				307
			Bashkirian		Carboniferous 4				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3				323.2
			Visean		Carboniferous 2				330.9
			Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1				346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		Devonian 4				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Devonian 3				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2				393.3
			Pragian		Devonian 1				407.6
			Lochkovian		Devonian 1				410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli			Silurian 2				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1				433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Kosovian	Bolindian			Ordovician 5	443.8
			Katian		Kralodvorian	Bolindian				Bohdalec †			445.2
					Kralodvorian	Eastonian							449 *
					Berounian	Eastonian							449.7 *
						Gisbornian							452 *
			Sandbian						Ordovician 4				453
												Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Liben †				458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian			Ordovician 3					458.4
					Dobrotivian									458.5 *
					Oretanian									459.7 *
										Sarka †				461.7 *
			Dapingian			Klabava †			Yapeenian	Ordovician 2				467.3
					Arenigian				Yapeenian		468
									Castlemainian		468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian						Chewtonian		470
									Bendigonian		471.8 *
									Lancefieldian		473.5 *
			Tremadocian		Tremadocian				Lancefieldian	Ordovician 1	477.7
			Tremadocian		Tremadocian				Warendian	Ordovician 1	482.8 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Cambrian 5	485.4
			Jiangshanian								489.5
			Paibian								494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Cambrian 4	Series 3 †			497
			Drumian							Cambrian 4				500.5
			Wuliuan					Cambrian 3		Stage 5 †				504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4					Cambrian 3						509
		Series 2	Stage 3					Cambrian 2						514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Cambrian 2						521
Fortunian		Terreneuvian	Cambrian 1	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian †						Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian †						Wonokan †	571.7 *
																	635