PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126002 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Mesozoic Subages		Cambrian of Australia	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of the Pamirs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Australia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene						0.129
		Calabrian					Early Pleistocene						0.774
		Gelasian					Early Pleistocene						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Late Pliocene					Tertiary †	2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean					Early Pliocene						3.6
	Miocene	Messinian					Late Miocene						5.333
		Tortonian					Late Miocene						7.246
		Serravallian					Middle Miocene						11.63
		Langhian					Middle Miocene						13.82
		Burdigalian					Early Miocene						15.98
		Aquitanian					Early Miocene						20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Late Oligocene						23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian					Early Oligocene						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					Late Eocene						33.9
		Bartonian					Middle Eocene						37.71
		Lutetian					Middle Eocene						41.2
		Ypresian					Early Eocene						47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Late Paleocene						56
		Selandian					Middle Paleocene						59.2
		Danian					Early Paleocene						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian										72.1
		Santonian	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian	Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian	Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Late Albian										100.5
			Middle Albian										106.2 *
			Early Albian										109.9 *
		Aptian	Late Aptian										113
		Aptian	Early Aptian										119.5 *
		Barremian	Late Barremian/Early Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian	Late Berriasian										139.8
			Middle Berriasian										140.6 *
			Early Berriasian										142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian					Oteke	Puaroan			145
		Tithonian	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian									146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Late Kimmeridgian										149.2
			Late Kimmeridgian						Kawhia	Ohauan			150
			Early Kimmeridgian							Ohauan			152.2 *
			Early Kimmeridgian							Heterian			154.5
		Oxfordian	Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian									154.8
		Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian									157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian										161.5
		Callovian	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian							Temaikan			164.3
		Bathonian	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian	Late Bajocian										168.2
		Bajocian	Early Bajocian										168.6 *
		Aalenian	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Late Toarcian										174.7
			Late Toarcian						Herangi	Ururoan			176
			Middle Toarcian										180.4 *
			Early Toarcian										182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian										184.2
		Pliensbachian	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian							Aratauran			188.9
		Sinemurian	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							Balfour	Otapirian			201.4
		Norian	Sevatian							Warepan			208.5
			Alaunian										213.2 *
			Lacian										216.7 *
					Otamitan	217
					Oretian	221
		Carnian	Tuvalian		Oretian	227
			Tuvalian		Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
			Julian					233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Longobardian					237
			Longobardian			Etalian		238
			Fassanian					239.7 *
		Anisian	Illyrian					242
			Pelsonian					243.8 *
			Bithynian					244.7 *
			Aegean					245.5 *
			Aegean			Malakovian		246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian					247.2
			Smithian					248.9 *
			Smithian			Nelsonian		249
		Induan	Dienerian					251.2
			Griesbachian					251.4 *
			Griesbachian		DUrville	Makarewan		251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Makarewan		Dorashamian	251.902
		Changhsingian				Waiitian		Dorashamian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian				Waiitian	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Puruhauan	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Midian	Aparima	Flettian		259.51
		Wordian					Flettian		264.28
							Barettian		266
					Murgabian				266.2 *
		Roadian			Murgabian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kubergandian				273.01
					Kubergandian		Mangapirian		276
					Bolorian				279.8
		Artinskian							283.5
							Telfordian		285
					Yakhtashian		Telfordian		286
					Yakhtashian				288.5
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian			Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Mapingian †					298.9
		Kasimovian			Mapingian †					303.7
		Kasimovian								305.9
		Moscovian								307
		Bashkirian								315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
		Visean								330.9
		Tournaisian								346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Bolindian						443.8
		Katian		Bolindian						445.2
				Eastonian						449 *
				Gisbornian						452 *
		Sandbian		Gisbornian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian						458.4
		Dapingian		Yapeenian						467.3
		Dapingian		Castlemainian						468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian						470
				Bendigonian						471.8 *
				Lancefieldian						473.5 *
		Tremadocian		Lancefieldian						477.7
		Tremadocian		Warendian						482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Datsonian							485.4
		Stage 10		Payntonian							486.8 *
		Jiangshanian		Iverian							489.5
		Paibian		Idamean							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Mindyallan							Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian		Boomerangian								499
		Drumian		Undillan								500.5
		Drumian		Floran								503
		Wuliuan		Templetonian				Stage 5 †				504.5
		Wuliuan		Ordian				Stage 5 †				507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4		Ordian							509
													510.8 *