PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126148 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Mesozoic Subages		Cambrian of Australia	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of the Pamirs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Cenozoic 6					0
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
				Chibanian											0.129
				Calabrian											0.774
				Gelasian											1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Tertiary †	2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
			Miocene	Messinian											5.333
				Tortonian											7.246
				Serravallian						Cenozoic 5					11.63
				Langhian											13.82
				Burdigalian											15.98
				Aquitanian											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25	Cenozoic 4					23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian				MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25	Cenozoic 4					27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian				MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		Cenozoic 3					33.9
				Bartonian				MP 16		Cenozoic 3					37.71
				Lutetian				MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		Cenozoic 2					41.2
				Ypresian				MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		Cenozoic 2					47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian				MP 6	MP 1 - 5	Cenozoic 1					56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian					Cretaceous 8					66
				Campanian	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian					Cretaceous 7					72.1
				Santonian	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian					Cretaceous 6					83.6
				Coniacian	Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian	Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian					Cretaceous 5					93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian	Late Albian					Cretaceous 4					100.5
					Middle Albian										106.2 *
					Early Albian										109.9 *
				Aptian	Late Aptian					Cretaceous 3					113
				Aptian	Early Aptian					Cretaceous 3					119.5 *
				Barremian	Late Barremian/Early Barremian					Cretaceous 2					121.4
				Hauterivian	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian					Cretaceous 2					125.77
				Valanginian	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian					Cretaceous 1					132.6
				Berriasian	Late Berriasian										139.8
					Middle Berriasian										140.6 *
					Early Berriasian										142.7 *
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				Jurassic 6		Oteke	Puaroan		145
				Tithonian	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				Jurassic 6					146.3 *
				Kimmeridgian	Late Kimmeridgian					Jurassic 5					149.2
					Late Kimmeridgian							Kawhia	Ohauan		150
					Early Kimmeridgian								Ohauan		152.2 *
					Early Kimmeridgian								Heterian		154.5
				Oxfordian	Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian									154.8
				Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian									157.9 *
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian										161.5
				Callovian	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian								Temaikan		164.3
				Bathonian	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian					Jurassic 4					165.3
				Bajocian	Late Bajocian										168.2
				Bajocian	Early Bajocian										168.6 *
				Aalenian	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian					Jurassic 3					170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Late Toarcian										174.7
					Late Toarcian							Herangi	Ururoan		176
					Middle Toarcian										180.4 *
					Early Toarcian										182.9 *
				Pliensbachian	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian					Jurassic 2					184.2
				Pliensbachian	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian					Jurassic 2			Aratauran		188.9
				Sinemurian	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian					Jurassic 1					192.9
				Hettangian	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian					Jurassic 1					199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						Triassic 4		Balfour	Otapirian		201.4
Norian				Sevatian	Warepan		208.5
				Alaunian			213.2 *
				Lacian			216.7 *
					Otamitan		217
					Oretian		221
Carnian				Tuvalian	Oretian		Triassic 3			227
				Tuvalian	Gore					Kaihikuan	227.5
				Julian							233.4 *
Middle Triassic			Ladinian	Longobardian			Triassic 2				237
				Longobardian						Etalian	238
				Fassanian							239.7 *
			Anisian	Illyrian							242
				Pelsonian							243.8 *
				Bithynian							244.7 *
				Aegean							245.5 *
				Aegean						Malakovian	246
Early Triassic			Olenekian	Spathian			Triassic 1				247.2
				Smithian							248.9 *
				Smithian						Nelsonian	249
			Induan	Dienerian							251.2
				Griesbachian							251.4 *
				Griesbachian	DUrville					Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Permian 4	Dorashamian		Makarewan	251.902
			Changhsingian					Dorashamian		Waiitian	253.2
			Wuchiapingian					Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	Waiitian	254.14
			Wuchiapingian					Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	Puruhauan	254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Midian			Aparima	Flettian		259.51
			Wordian						Flettian		264.28
									Barettian		266
					Murgabian						266.2 *
			Roadian		Murgabian		Permian 3				266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2		Kubergandian				273.01
							Kubergandian		Mangapirian		276
							Bolorian				279.8
			Artinskian								283.5
									Telfordian		285
							Yakhtashian		Telfordian		286
							Yakhtashian				288.5
			Sakmarian				Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian		Permian 1		Asselian				293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5						298.9
			Kasimovian		Carboniferous 5						303.7
			Moscovian		Carboniferous 4						307
			Bashkirian		Carboniferous 4						315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3						323.2
			Visean		Carboniferous 2						330.9
			Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1						346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		Devonian 4						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Devonian 3	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2	393.3
			Pragian		Devonian 1	407.6
			Lochkovian		Devonian 1	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli			Silurian 2	419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1	433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ordovician 5	Bolindian					443.8
			Katian			Bolindian					445.2
						Eastonian					449 *
						Gisbornian					452 *
			Sandbian		Ordovician 4	Gisbornian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3	Darriwilian					458.4
			Dapingian		Ordovician 2	Yapeenian					467.3
			Dapingian			Castlemainian					468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Chewtonian					470
						Bendigonian					471.8 *
						Lancefieldian					473.5 *
			Tremadocian		Ordovician 1	Lancefieldian					477.7
			Tremadocian		Ordovician 1	Warendian					482.8 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Datsonian	Cambrian 5						485.4
			Stage 10		Payntonian							486.8 *
			Jiangshanian		Iverian							489.5
			Paibian		Idamean							494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Mindyallan	Cambrian 4						Series 3 †	497
			Guzhangian		Boomerangian								499
			Drumian		Undillan								500.5
			Drumian		Floran								503
			Wuliuan		Templetonian	Cambrian 3				Stage 5 †			504.5
			Wuliuan		Ordian					Stage 5 †			507.8 *
		Series 2	Stage 4		Ordian								509
			Stage 4	510.8 *
			Stage 3	Cambrian 2	514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2	521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1	529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										538.8
			Cryogenian										635
			Tonian										720
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										1000
			Ectasian										1200
			Calymmian										1400
		Paleoproterozoic	Statherian										1600
			Orosirian										1800
			Rhyacian										2050
			Siderian										2300
	Archean	Neoarchean											2500
		Mesoarchean						2800
		Paleoarchean						3200
		Eoarchean						3600
	Hadean						4000
															4600