PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Mesozoic Subages		Cambrian of Siberia			Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian of the Pamirs	Devonian Subages	Cretaceous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Tertiary †	2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian											11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian								Senonian		66
		Campanian	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian										72.1
		Santonian	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian	Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian	Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Late Albian								Gallic		100.5
			Middle Albian										106.2 *
			Early Albian										109.9 *
		Aptian	Late Aptian										113
		Aptian	Early Aptian										119.5 *
		Barremian	Late Barremian/Early Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian								Neocomian		125.77
		Valanginian	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian	Late Berriasian										139.8
			Middle Berriasian										140.6 *
			Early Berriasian										142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian									145
		Tithonian	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian									146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Late Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Kimmeridgian	Early Kimmeridgian										152.2 *
		Oxfordian	Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian									154.8
		Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian									157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian	Late Bajocian										168.2
		Bajocian	Early Bajocian										168.6 *
		Aalenian	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Late Toarcian										174.7
			Middle Toarcian										180.4 *
			Early Toarcian										182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian	Sevatian										208.5
			Alaunian										213.2 *
			Lacian										216.7 *
		Carnian	Tuvalian										227
		Carnian	Julian										233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Longobardian										237
		Ladinian	Fassanian										239.7 *
		Anisian	Illyrian										242
			Pelsonian										243.8 *
			Bithynian										244.7 *
			Aegean										245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian										247.2
		Olenekian	Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan	Dienerian		251.2
		Induan	Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Melekhovian	Dorashamian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Midian		259.51
		Wordian						264.28
					Noginskian			264.9 *
						Murgabian		266.2 *
		Roadian				Murgabian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kubergandian		273.01
					Pavlovoposadian	Kubergandian		276.8 *
						Bolorian		279.8
		Artinskian				Bolorian		283.5
						Yakhtashian		286
					Rusavkinian	Yakhtashian		287.6 *
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian				Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian				303.7
					Khamovnikian				304.8
					Krevyakinian				305.8 *
		Moscovian			Myachkovian			Middle Pennsylvanian	307
					Podolskian				308.9 *
					Kashirian				311.4 *
					Vereian				313.8
					Melekessian				314.8
		Bashkirian			Melekessian			Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
					Cheremshanian				316.9 *
					Prikamian				318.6 *
					Severokeltmian				319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian				321.2 *
					Voznesenian				321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Zapaltjubian			Late Mississippian	323.2
					Protvian				324.4 *
					Steshevian				326.8 *
					Tarusian				329 *
		Visean			Venevian			Middle Mississippian	330.9
					Mikhailovian				331.9 *
					Aleksinian				333.7 *
				Tulian	335.8 *
				Bobrikian	339.9 *
				Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian		Kosvian	Early Mississippian			346.7
				Kizelian				350.7 *
				Cherepetian				351.9 *
				Karakubian				354.4 *
				Upinian				356.3 *
				Malevkian				357.6 *
				Gumerovian				358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Late Famennian				358.9
					Middle Famennian				365.3 *
					Early Famennian				368.5 *
		Frasnian			Late Frasnian				372.2
					Middle Frasnian				375.4 *
					Early Frasnian				379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Late Givetian				382.7
					Middle Givetian				383.7 *
					Early Givetian				385.9 *
		Eifelian			Late Eifelian				387.7
		Eifelian			Early Eifelian				390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Late Emsian				393.3
		Emsian			Early Emsian				398.3 *
		Pragian			Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian				410.8
					Middle Lochkovian				412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian				415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
		Tremadocian			477.7
		Tremadocian			Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian		485.4
		Jiangshanian			Batyrbaian				489.5
					Aksaian				490.7 *
					Sakian				492.2 *
		Paibian							494
		Paibian					Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Ayusokkanian				Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian			Mayan/Menevian					499.5
		Drumian			Mayan/Menevian					500.5
		Wuliuan			Amgan/Solvan					Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Amgan/Solvan						509
					Toyonian	Lenian †					510 *
					Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3			Botomian						514
		Stage 3			Atdabanian						515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian						521
		Stage 2			Nemakit-Daldynian						525.5
		Fortunian			Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †					529
													538.8