PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126557 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Mesozoic Subages		Precambrian of Russia	Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of the Pamirs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Australia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene						0.0117
				Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene						0.129
				Calabrian				Early Pleistocene						0.774
				Gelasian				Early Pleistocene						1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Late Pliocene					Tertiary †	2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean				Early Pliocene						3.6
			Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene						5.333
				Tortonian				Late Miocene						7.246
				Serravallian				Middle Miocene						11.63
				Langhian				Middle Miocene						13.82
				Burdigalian				Early Miocene						15.98
				Aquitanian				Early Miocene						20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene						23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian				Early Oligocene						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene						33.9
				Bartonian				Middle Eocene						37.71
				Lutetian				Middle Eocene						41.2
				Ypresian				Early Eocene						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Late Paleocene						56
				Selandian				Middle Paleocene						59.2
				Danian				Early Paleocene						61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian									66
				Campanian	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian									72.1
				Santonian	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian	Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian	Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian	Late Albian									100.5
					Middle Albian									106.2 *
					Early Albian									109.9 *
				Aptian	Late Aptian									113
				Aptian	Early Aptian									119.5 *
				Barremian	Late Barremian/Early Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian	Late Berriasian									139.8
					Middle Berriasian									140.6 *
					Early Berriasian									142.7 *
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				Oteke	Puaroan			145
				Tithonian	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian								146.3 *
				Kimmeridgian	Late Kimmeridgian									149.2
					Late Kimmeridgian					Kawhia	Ohauan			150
					Early Kimmeridgian						Ohauan			152.2 *
					Early Kimmeridgian						Heterian			154.5
				Oxfordian	Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian								154.8
				Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian								157.9 *
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian									161.5
				Callovian	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian						Temaikan			164.3
				Bathonian	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian	Late Bajocian									168.2
				Bajocian	Early Bajocian									168.6 *
				Aalenian	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Late Toarcian									174.7
					Late Toarcian					Herangi	Ururoan			176
					Middle Toarcian									180.4 *
					Early Toarcian									182.9 *
				Pliensbachian	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian									184.2
				Pliensbachian	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian						Aratauran			188.9
				Sinemurian	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian									192.9
				Hettangian	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian									199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						Balfour	Otapirian			201.4
				Norian	Sevatian						Warepan			208.5
					Alaunian									213.2 *
					Lacian									216.7 *
Otamitan							217
Oretian							221
Oretian				Carnian	Tuvalian		227
Gore					Tuvalian		Kaihikuan		227.5
					Julian				233.4 *
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Longobardian				237
					Longobardian		Etalian		238
					Fassanian				239.7 *
				Anisian	Illyrian				242
					Pelsonian				243.8 *
					Bithynian				244.7 *
					Aegean				245.5 *
					Aegean		Malakovian		246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian				247.2
					Smithian				248.9 *
					Smithian		Nelsonian		249
				Induan	Dienerian				251.2
					Griesbachian				251.4 *
DUrville					Griesbachian		Makarewan		251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan		Dorashamian	251.902
				Changhsingian			Waiitian		Dorashamian	253.2
				Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.14
				Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.2
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Midian			Aparima	Flettian		259.51
			Wordian					Flettian		264.28
								Barettian		266
				Murgabian						266.2 *
			Roadian	Murgabian						266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Kubergandian						273.01
				Kubergandian				Mangapirian		276
				Bolorian						279.8
			Artinskian							283.5
								Telfordian		285
				Yakhtashian				Telfordian		286
				Yakhtashian						288.5
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian						290.1
			Asselian	Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
			Kasimovian							303.7
			Moscovian							307
			Bashkirian							315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
			Visean							330.9
			Tournaisian							346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Bolindian				443.8
			Katian			Bolindian				445.2
						Eastonian				449 *
						Gisbornian				452 *
			Sandbian			Gisbornian				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian				458.4
			Dapingian			Yapeenian				467.3
			Dapingian			Castlemainian				468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Chewtonian				470
						Bendigonian				471.8 *
						Lancefieldian				473.5 *
			Tremadocian			Lancefieldian				477.7
			Tremadocian			Warendian				482.8 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
			Jiangshanian							489.5
			Paibian							494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †	497
			Drumian								500.5
			Wuliuan						Stage 5 †		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4								509
		Series 2	Stage 3								514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian			Karatau							800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian			Karatau							1000
		Stenian			Yurmatian							1100
		Ectasian			Yurmatian							1200
		Ectasian			Burzyan							1375
														1400