PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Mesozoic Subages		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Silurian of North America			Ordovician of North America						Ordovician of Britain				Carboniferous of Western Europe		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Nihewanian																	0.0117
		Chibanian																				0.129
		Calabrian																				0.774
		Gelasian																				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Yushean																Tertiary †	2.58
		Zanclean			Yushean																	3.6
		Zanclean			Baodean																	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian																				5.333
		Tortonian																				7.246
		Tortonian			Tunggurian																	11.1
		Serravallian			Tunggurian																	11.63
		Langhian			Shanwangian																	13.82
		Burdigalian			Shanwangian																	15.98
		Burdigalian			Xiejiaan																	16.9
		Aquitanian			Xiejiaan																	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																				33.9
		Bartonian																				37.71
		Lutetian																				41.2
		Ypresian																				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																				56
		Selandian																				59.2
		Danian																				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian																			66
		Campanian	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian																			72.1
		Santonian	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian																			83.6
		Coniacian	Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian																			86.3
		Turonian	Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian																			89.8
		Cenomanian	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian																			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Late Albian																			100.5
			Middle Albian																			106.2 *
			Early Albian																			109.9 *
		Aptian	Late Aptian																			113
		Aptian	Early Aptian																			119.5 *
		Barremian	Late Barremian/Early Barremian																			121.4
		Hauterivian	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian																			125.77
		Valanginian	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian																			132.6
		Berriasian	Late Berriasian																			139.8
			Middle Berriasian																			140.6 *
			Early Berriasian																			142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian																		145
		Tithonian	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian																		146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Late Kimmeridgian																			149.2
		Kimmeridgian	Early Kimmeridgian																			152.2 *
		Oxfordian	Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian																		154.8
		Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian																		157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian																			161.5
		Bathonian	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian																			165.3
		Bajocian	Late Bajocian																			168.2
		Bajocian	Early Bajocian																			168.6 *
		Aalenian	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian																			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Late Toarcian																			174.7
			Middle Toarcian																			180.4 *
			Early Toarcian																			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian																			184.2
		Sinemurian	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian																			192.9
		Hettangian	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian																			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																				201.4
		Norian	Sevatian																			208.5
			Alaunian																			213.2 *
			Lacian																			216.7 *
		Carnian	Tuvalian																			227
		Carnian	Julian																			233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Longobardian			237
		Ladinian	Fassanian			239.7 *
		Anisian	Illyrian			242
			Pelsonian			243.8 *
			Bithynian			244.7 *
			Aegean			245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian			247.2
		Olenekian	Smithian			248.9 *
		Induan	Dienerian			251.2
		Induan	Griesbachian			251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
		Asselian			Kuzel		297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Kuzel		Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
					Stephanian			Stephanian C	300.3 *
								Stephanian B	300.9 *
								Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian						Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian						Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian					Middle Pennsylvanian	Cantabrian	307
					Westphalian			Westphalian D	307.4 *
								Westphalian C	309.8
								Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian					Early Pennsylvanian	Westphalian B	315.2
								Westphalian A	317 *
					Namurian			Yeadonian	318.8 *
								Marsdenian	320.2 *
								Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
								Alportian	322 *
								Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Late Mississippian	Chokierian	323.2
								Arnsbergian	324 *
								Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean			Warnantian		Brigantian †	Middle Mississippian	330.9
					Livian		Asbian †		336.3 *
					Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
		Tournaisian			Ivorian			Early Mississippian	346.7
		Tournaisian			Hastarian			Early Mississippian	353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Cayugan					419.2
	Pridoli			Niagaran					422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
										Alexandrian	438.7 *
				Medinan					Clinton		440.1 *
											440.7 *
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian										Gamachian		Rawtheyan	445.2
												Richmondian		Rawtheyan	446 *
														Cautleyan	448.9 *
														Pusgillian	449.3 *
													Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
												Maysvillian				Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
												Edenian					450.4 *
											Mohawkian	Chatfieldian					451.1 *
														Cheneyan			451.5 *
			Burrellian											452.7 *
		Sandbian												453
						Actonian †								453.2 *
						Actonian †						Turinian		453.7 *
						Marshbrookian †								Woolstonian †	454.2 *
						Longvillian †									455.2 *
			Aurelucian												456.8 *
											Whiterockian				Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
						Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian											457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn			Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn											458.4
		Darriwilian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn											461.3 *
		Dapingian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn											467.3
			Arenig			Fennian											468.4 *
												Rangerian					469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian									Ibexian	Blackhillsian				Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
						Whitlandian						Blackhillsian						471.1 *
						Whitlandian						Tulean						473.9 *
						Moridunian												474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc			Migneintian												477.7
						Migneintian						Stairsian						480.3 *
						Cressagian						Stairsian						480.8 *
						Cressagian						Skullrockian					Demingian †	482 *
																	Demingian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10																485.4
		Stage 10																487.5
		Jiangshanian																489.5
		Paibian																494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian																Series 3 †	497
		Drumian																	500.5
		Wuliuan																	Stage 5 †	504.5
																						509