PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Russian Platform		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Permian of the Pamirs	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Central Paratethys Stages	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian									Pannonian				7.246
		Serravallian									Sarmatian				11.63
		Serravallian									Badenian				12.8 *
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian			Epizigzagiceras										168.2
		Bajocian			Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense										168.4
		Aalenian			Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta										174.7
					Planulata										179.3 *
					Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi								179.8 *
					Kanense										181.3 *
					Carlottense										182.3 *
					Kunae										183.5 *
		Pliensbachian			Kunae										184.2
					Freboldi										185.1 *
					Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras									186.2 *
						Tetraspidoceras									189.2 *
					Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis									190.3 *
		Sinemurian													192.9
					Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras								196.4 *
					Franziceras/Euphyllites										196.5 *
		Hettangian			Franziceras/Euphyllites										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Dorashamian						251.902
		Wuchiapingian							Dzhulfian					Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Tatarian	Vyatkian					Dzhulfian					Longtanian †	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Severodvinian					Midian						259.51
		Wordian		Urzhumian				264.28	Midian
		Wordian		Urzhumian				Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian	Kazanian	Povolzhian					266.9
		Roadian	Kazanian	Sokian					270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian				Kubergandian	273.01
				Filipovian				Kubergandian	276.5 *
				Filipovian				Bolorian	279.8
				Saraninian					280.1 *
		Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian					283.5
				Irginian					285.9 *
				Irginian				Yakhtashian	286
				Burtsevian				Yakhtashian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian				Sakmarian	290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian				Sakmarian	291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian				Asselian	293.52
				Uskalykian					294.8
				Surenian					297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian							Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian							Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian							Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean							Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian							Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian								Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian								Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli										419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian									433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									443.8
		Katian									445.2
		Sandbian									453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian									467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian									470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian									Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian									Batyrbaian	489.5
											Aksaian	490.7 *
											Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian									Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Ayusokkanian					Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian										499.5
		Drumian			Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian			Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan			Tuesaian	Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †	505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4									509
					Toyonian						510 *
					Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3			Botomian						514
		Stage 3			Atdabanian						515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian						521
															525.5