PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of the Russian Platform		Devonian of Eastern North America		Cenozoic Subepochs	Silurian of the Baltic	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		European Faunal Zones	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Late Pleistocene								0.0117
				Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene								0.129
				Calabrian					Early Pleistocene								0.774
				Gelasian					Early Pleistocene				MN 17				1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Late Pliocene				MN 16		Tertiary †		2.58
				Piacenzian					Late Pliocene				MN 15				3.2
				Zanclean					Early Pliocene				MN 15				3.6
													MN 14				4.2
													MN 13				4.9
			Miocene	Messinian					Late Miocene				MN 13				5.333
				Tortonian									MN 12				7.246
													MN 11				7.75
													MN 10				8.7
													MN 9				9.7
													MN 7 + 8				11.1
				Serravallian					Middle Miocene				MN 7 + 8				11.63
				Serravallian									MN 6				12.8 *
				Langhian									MN 5				13.82
				Burdigalian					Early Miocene				MN 4				15.98
													MN 3				16.9
													MN 2				20
				Aquitanian									MN 2				20.44
				Aquitanian									MN 1				22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Late Oligocene								23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian					Early Oligocene								27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian					Late Eocene								33.9
				Bartonian					Middle Eocene								37.71
				Lutetian					Middle Eocene								41.2
				Ypresian					Early Eocene								47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Late Paleocene								56
				Selandian					Middle Paleocene								59.2
				Danian					Early Paleocene								61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
				Kimmeridgian													149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Pliensbachian													184.2
				Sinemurian													192.9
				Hettangian													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
				Norian													208.5
				Carnian													227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													251.902
				Wuchiapingian												Longtanian †	254.14
Tatarian				Wuchiapingian	Vyatkian	256.8 *										Longtanian †
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Severodvinian		259.51
				Wordian	Urzhumian		264.28
Roadian				Kazanian	Povolzhian		266.9
Roadian				Kazanian	Sokian		270.7 *
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
					Filipovian		276.5 *
					Saraninian		280.1 *
			Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
					Irginian		285.9 *
					Burtsevian		287.8 *
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
			Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
					Uskalykian		294.8
					Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
			Kasimovian				Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
			Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian	307
			Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian	323.2
			Visean				Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Tournaisian				Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				West Fallsian/Sonyean			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan			Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Southwoodian			Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Sawkillian/Deer Parkian			Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian								407.6
			Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian		Pridoli									Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli									Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian						Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian						Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula		427.4
			Homerian						Jaagarahu		429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu		430.5
			Sheinwoodian						Jaani		431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian						Jaani		433.4
			Telychian						Adavere		434 *
			Aeronian						Adavere		438.5
			Aeronian						Raikkula		439.4 *
			Rhuddanian						Raikkula		440.8
			Rhuddanian						Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
			Katian								445.2
			Sandbian								453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian								470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
			Jiangshanian								489.5
			Paibian								494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †	497
			Drumian									500.5
			Wuliuan			Stage 5 †						504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4									509
		Series 2	Stage 3									514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																	635