PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Russian Platform		Cenozoic Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian of Germany	Silurian Ages of Europe	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene							0.129
		Calabrian			Early Pleistocene							0.774
		Gelasian			Early Pleistocene						MN 17	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene	Tertiary †					MN 16	2.58
		Piacenzian			Late Pliocene						MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean			Early Pliocene						MN 15	3.6
											MN 14	4.2
											MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene						MN 13	5.333
		Tortonian									MN 12	7.246
											MN 11	7.75
											MN 10	8.7
											MN 9	9.7
											MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian			Middle Miocene						MN 7 + 8	11.63
		Serravallian									MN 6	12.8 *
		Langhian									MN 5	13.82
		Burdigalian			Early Miocene						MN 4	15.98
											MN 3	16.9
											MN 2	20
		Aquitanian									MN 2	20.44
		Aquitanian									MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian			Early Oligocene							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene							33.9
		Bartonian			Middle Eocene							37.71
		Lutetian			Middle Eocene							41.2
		Ypresian			Early Eocene							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Late Paleocene							56
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene							59.2
		Danian			Early Paleocene							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
		Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †					254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Tatarian	Vyatkian			Longtanian †	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Severodvinian				259.51
		Wordian		Urzhumian				264.28
		Roadian	Kazanian	Povolzhian				266.9
		Roadian	Kazanian	Sokian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian				273.01
				Filipovian				276.5 *
				Saraninian				280.1 *
		Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian				283.5
				Irginian				285.9 *
				Burtsevian				287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian				290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian				291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian				293.52
				Uskalykian				294.8
				Surenian				297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian						Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian						Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian						Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean						Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian						Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						Adorf		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Emsian		393.3
		Pragian						Siegen		407.6
		Lochkovian						Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian			Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				485.4
		Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †				497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †			504.5
												509