PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Russian Platform		Cretaceous Subepochs	Devonian of France	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Silurian of the Baltic	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Serravallian													11.63
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Senonian										66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Gallic										100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian			Neocomian										125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Oteke	Puaroan					145
		Kimmeridgian							Oteke	Puaroan					149.2
									Kawhia	Ohauan					150
										Heterian					154.5
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Callovian								Temaikan					164.3
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Toarcian							Herangi	Ururoan					176
		Pliensbachian								Ururoan					184.2
		Pliensbachian								Aratauran					188.9
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							Balfour	Otapirian					201.4
		Norian								Warepan					208.5
										Otamitan					217
										Oretian					221
		Carnian								Oretian					227
		Carnian							Gore	Kaihikuan					227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								Kaihikuan					237
		Ladinian								Etalian					238
		Anisian								Etalian					242
		Anisian								Malakovian					246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								Malakovian					247.2
		Olenekian								Nelsonian					249
		Induan								Nelsonian					251.2
		Induan							DUrville	Makarewan					251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Makarewan					251.902
		Changhsingian								Waiitian					253.2
		Wuchiapingian								Waiitian				Longtanian †	254.14
										Puruhauan					254.2
			Tatarian	Vyatkian						Puruhauan					256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Severodvinian		Aparima	Flettian		259.51
		Wordian		Urzhumian			Flettian		264.28
		Wordian		Urzhumian			Barettian		266
		Roadian	Kazanian	Povolzhian					266.9
		Roadian	Kazanian	Sokian					270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian					273.01
				Irenian/Ufimian			Mangapirian		276
				Filipovian					276.5 *
				Saraninian					280.1 *
		Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian					283.5
				Sarginian			Telfordian		285
				Irginian					285.9 *
				Burtsevian					287.8 *
				Burtsevian					288.5
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian					290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian					291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian					293.52
				Uskalykian					294.8
				Surenian					297.5
				Surenian					Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Kuzel	Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
									Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
											Stephanian B	300.9 *
											Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian									Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian									Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian								Middle Pennsylvanian	Cantabrian	307
									Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
											Westphalian C	309.8
					Westphalian B						314.6
		Bashkirian			Westphalian B					Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
					Westphalian A						317 *
					Namurian				Yeadonian		318.8 *
									Marsdenian		320.2 *
									Kinderscoutian		321.5 *
									Alportian		322 *
									Chokierian		323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Chokierian	Late Mississippian	323.2
									Arnsbergian		324 *
									Pendleian		327.4 *
		Visean			Warnantian				Brigantian †	Middle Mississippian	330.9
					Livian				Asbian †		336.3 *
					Moliniacian				Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
		Tournaisian			Ivorian					Early Mississippian	346.7
		Tournaisian			Hastarian					Early Mississippian	353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Couvinien							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian										393.3
		Pragian										407.6
		Pragian			Coblencien							408.2 *
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli											Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli											Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian										Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian										Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian										Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian										Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian										Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian										Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian										Jaani	433.4
		Telychian										Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian						438.5				Adavere
		Aeronian						Raikkula				439.4 *
		Rhuddanian						Raikkula				440.8
		Rhuddanian						Juuru				441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian										443.8
		Katian										445.2
		Sandbian										453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian										467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian										470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian										477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †	497
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †					504.5
															509