PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Central Paratethys Stages
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Tertiary †				2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian													Pannonian	7.246
		Serravallian													Sarmatian	11.63
		Serravallian													Badenian	12.8 *
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Oteke	Puaroan										145
		Kimmeridgian			Oteke	Puaroan										149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan										150
						Heterian										154.5
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Callovian				Temaikan										164.3
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Toarcian			Herangi	Ururoan										176
		Pliensbachian				Ururoan										184.2
		Pliensbachian				Aratauran										188.9
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Balfour	Otapirian										201.4
		Norian				Warepan										208.5
						Otamitan										217
						Oretian										221
		Carnian				Oretian										227
		Carnian			Gore	Kaihikuan										227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Kaihikuan										237
		Ladinian				Etalian										238
		Anisian				Etalian										242
		Anisian				Malakovian										246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Malakovian										247.2
		Olenekian				Nelsonian										249
		Induan				Nelsonian										251.2
		Induan			DUrville	Makarewan										251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Makarewan										251.902
		Changhsingian				Waiitian										253.2
		Wuchiapingian				Waiitian							Longtanian †			254.14
						Puruhauan										254.2
			Tatarian	Vyatkian		Puruhauan	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Severodvinian	Aparima	Flettian		259.51
		Wordian		Urzhumian		Flettian		264.28
		Wordian		Urzhumian		Barettian		266
		Roadian	Kazanian	Povolzhian				266.9
		Roadian	Kazanian	Sokian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian				273.01
				Irenian/Ufimian		Mangapirian		276
				Filipovian				276.5 *
				Saraninian				280.1 *
		Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian				283.5
				Sarginian		Telfordian		285
				Irginian				285.9 *
				Burtsevian				287.8 *
				Burtsevian				288.5
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian				290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian				291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian				293.52
				Uskalykian				294.8
				Surenian				297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian						Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian						Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian						Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean						Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian						Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli								Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian							Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian							Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian							Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian							Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian							Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian							Jaani	433.4
		Telychian							Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian							Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian							Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian							Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian							Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Kosovian	443.8
		Katian								Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian								Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian										453
												Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian												458.4
										Dobrotivian				458.5 *
										Oretanian				459.7 *
											Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian									Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian								Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Arenigian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10												485.4
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †							497
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan												Stage 5 †	504.5
																509