PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Russian Platform		Devonian Subages	Cambrian of Australia	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Ten Million Year Bins	Carboniferous of China	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Cenozoic 6					0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Calabrian											0.774
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian						Cenozoic 5					11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Cenozoic 4					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian						Cenozoic 4					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian						Cenozoic 3					33.9
		Bartonian						Cenozoic 3					37.71
		Lutetian						Cenozoic 2					41.2
		Ypresian						Cenozoic 2					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Cenozoic 1					56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Lancian/Edmontonian	Cretaceous 8					66
		Campanian					Judithian/Aquilan	Cretaceous 7					72.1
		Santonian						Cretaceous 6					83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian						Cretaceous 5					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Cretaceous 4					100.5
		Aptian						Cretaceous 3					113
		Barremian						Cretaceous 2					121.4
		Hauterivian						Cretaceous 2					125.77
		Valanginian						Cretaceous 1					132.6
		Berriasian						Cretaceous 1					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Jurassic 6					145
		Kimmeridgian						Jurassic 5					149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian						Jurassic 4					165.3
		Bajocian						Jurassic 4					168.2
		Aalenian						Jurassic 3					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Jurassic 3					174.7
		Pliensbachian						Jurassic 2					184.2
		Sinemurian						Jurassic 1					192.9
		Hettangian						Jurassic 1					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						Triassic 4					201.4
		Norian						Triassic 4					208.5
		Carnian						Triassic 3					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Triassic 2					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian						Triassic 2					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Triassic 1					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan						Triassic 1					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Permian 4					251.902
		Wuchiapingian										Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Tatarian	Vyatkian								Longtanian †	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Severodvinian									259.51
		Wordian		Urzhumian									264.28
		Roadian	Kazanian	Povolzhian				Permian 3					266.9
		Roadian	Kazanian	Sokian				Permian 3					270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian				Permian 2					273.01
				Filipovian									276.5 *
				Saraninian									280.1 *
		Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
				Irginian	285.9 *
				Burtsevian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian	Permian 1	293.52
				Uskalykian		294.8
				Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Carboniferous 5	Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
		Gzhelian						Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian						Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian						Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian			Carboniferous 4	Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
								Huashibanian	318.5 *
								Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Carboniferous 3	Dewunian		Late Mississippian	323.2
		Serpukhovian			Carboniferous 3	Shangsian		Late Mississippian	330.8 *
		Visean			Carboniferous 2	Shangsian		Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Visean			Carboniferous 2	Jiusian		Middle Mississippian	335 *
		Tournaisian			Carboniferous 1	Tangbagouan		Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Late Famennian	Devonian 5				358.9
					Middle Famennian					365.3 *
					Early Famennian					368.5 *
		Frasnian			Late Frasnian	Devonian 4				372.2
					Middle Frasnian					375.4 *
					Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Late Givetian	Devonian 3	382.7
					Middle Givetian		383.7 *
					Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian			Late Eifelian		387.7
		Eifelian			Early Eifelian		390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Late Emsian	Devonian 2	393.3
		Emsian			Early Emsian	Devonian 2	398.3 *
		Pragian			Pragian	Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian		410.8
					Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli					Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian				Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian				Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Datsonian	Cambrian 5			485.4
		Stage 10				Payntonian				486.8 *
		Jiangshanian				Iverian				489.5
		Paibian				Idamean				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Mindyallan	Cambrian 4			Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian				Boomerangian					499
		Drumian				Undillan					500.5
		Drumian				Floran					503
		Wuliuan				Templetonian	Cambrian 3				Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan				Ordian					Stage 5 †	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4				Ordian						509
		Stage 4										510.8 *
		Stage 3					Cambrian 2					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Cambrian 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					Cambrian 1					529
													538.8