PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of North America						Cambrian of Siberia			Central Paratethys Stages
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Tertiary †													2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																5.333
		Tortonian															Pannonian	7.246
		Serravallian															Sarmatian	11.63
		Serravallian															Badenian	12.8 *
		Langhian																13.82
		Burdigalian																15.98
		Aquitanian																20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
		Bartonian																37.71
		Lutetian																41.2
		Ypresian																47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
		Campanian																72.1
		Santonian																83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
		Aptian																113
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian																125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
		Kimmeridgian																149.2
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Bathonian																165.3
		Bajocian																168.2
		Aalenian																170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
		Pliensbachian																184.2
		Sinemurian																192.9
		Hettangian																199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
		Norian																208.5
		Carnian																227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																251.902
		Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †												254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Tatarian	Vyatkian		Longtanian †												256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Severodvinian														259.51
		Wordian		Urzhumian														264.28
		Roadian	Kazanian	Povolzhian														266.9
		Roadian	Kazanian	Sokian														270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian														273.01
				Filipovian														276.5 *
				Saraninian														280.1 *
		Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian														283.5
				Irginian														285.9 *
				Burtsevian														287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian														290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian														291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian														293.52
				Uskalykian			294.8
				Surenian			297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian					Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian					Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian					Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean					Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian					Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Cincinnatian			Gamachian	443.8
		Katian						Gamachian	445.2
								Richmondian	446 *
								Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Edenian		450.4 *
					Mohawkian			Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian						Chatfieldian		453
								Turinian		453.7 *
					Whiterockian				Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
		Dapingian									467.3
		Dapingian						Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ibexian			Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian						Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian						Tulean				477.7
								Stairsian				480.3 *
								Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
											Demingian †	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Stage 10													487.5
		Jiangshanian													489.5
												Aksaian			490.7 *
												Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian													494
		Paibian												Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Series 3 †	Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian											Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian				500.5							Mayan/Menevian
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †							Amgan/Solvan			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Amgan/Solvan			509
													Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
													Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3											Botomian			514
		Stage 3											Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											Tommotian			521
		Stage 2											Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian											Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †		529
																		538.8