PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Pamirs	Permian of the Russian Platform		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Devonian of Eastern North America		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Nihewanian							0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Calabrian											0.774
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Yushean					Tertiary †		2.58
		Zanclean				Yushean							3.6
		Zanclean				Baodean							4.9
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Tortonian				Tunggurian							11.1
		Serravallian				Tunggurian							11.63
		Langhian				Shanwangian							13.82
		Burdigalian				Shanwangian							15.98
		Burdigalian				Xiejiaan							16.9
		Aquitanian				Xiejiaan							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian						Melekhovian				251.902
		Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian									Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian	Tatarian	Vyatkian							Longtanian †	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian		Severodvinian								259.51
		Wordian			Urzhumian								264.28
									Noginskian				264.9 *
			Murgabian										266.2 *
		Roadian		Kazanian	Povolzhian								266.9
		Roadian		Kazanian	Sokian								270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian								273.01
					Filipovian		276.5 *
							Pavlovoposadian	276.8 *
			Bolorian					279.8
					Saraninian			280.1 *
		Artinskian		Artinskian	Sarginian			283.5
					Irginian			285.9 *
			Yakhtashian					286
							Rusavkinian	287.6 *
					Burtsevian			287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian			291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian			293.52
					Uskalykian			294.8
					Surenian			297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian				Dorogomilovian	303.7
						Khamovnikian	304.8
						Krevyakinian	305.8 *
		Moscovian				Myachkovian	Middle Pennsylvanian	307
						Podolskian		308.9 *
						Kashirian		311.4 *
						Vereian		313.8
						Melekessian		314.8
		Bashkirian				Melekessian	Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
						Cheremshanian		316.9 *
						Prikamian		318.6 *
						Severokeltmian		319.9 *
						Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
						Voznesenian		321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Zapaltjubian	Late Mississippian	323.2
						Protvian		324.4 *
						Steshevian		326.8 *
						Tarusian		329 *
		Visean				Venevian	Middle Mississippian	330.9
						Mikhailovian		331.9 *
						Aleksinian		333.7 *
						Tulian		335.8 *
						Bobrikian		339.9 *
						Radaevkian		343.4 *
		Tournaisian				Kosvian	Early Mississippian	346.7
						Kizelian		350.7 *
						Cherepetian		351.9 *
						Karakubian		354.4 *
						Upinian		356.3 *
						Malevkian		357.6 *
						Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				West Fallsian/Sonyean			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan			Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Southwoodian			Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Sawkillian/Deer Parkian			Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
		Katian								445.2
		Sandbian								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †	497
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan									Stage 5 †	504.5
													509