PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Pamirs	Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of North America						Cambrian of Siberia			Central Paratethys Stages
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Tertiary †													2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian																Pannonian	7.246
		Serravallian																Sarmatian	11.63
		Serravallian																Badenian	12.8 *
		Langhian																	13.82
		Burdigalian																	15.98
		Aquitanian																	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
		Bartonian																	37.71
		Lutetian																	41.2
		Ypresian																	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																	56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
		Campanian																	72.1
		Santonian																	83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian																	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
		Aptian																	113
		Barremian																	121.4
		Hauterivian																	125.77
		Valanginian																	132.6
		Berriasian																	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
		Kimmeridgian																	149.2
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Bathonian																	165.3
		Bajocian																	168.2
		Aalenian																	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
		Pliensbachian																	184.2
		Sinemurian																	192.9
		Hettangian																	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	201.4
		Norian																	208.5
		Carnian																	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian																251.902
		Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian				Longtanian †												254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian	Tatarian	Vyatkian		Longtanian †												256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian		Severodvinian														259.51
		Wordian	Midian		Urzhumian														264.28
		Wordian	Murgabian		Urzhumian														266.2 *
		Roadian		Kazanian	Povolzhian														266.9
		Roadian		Kazanian	Sokian														270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian														273.01
			Kubergandian		Filipovian														276.5 *
			Bolorian		Filipovian														279.8
					Saraninian														280.1 *
		Artinskian		Artinskian	Sarginian														283.5
					Irginian														285.9 *
			Yakhtashian		Irginian														286
			Yakhtashian		Burtsevian														287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian			291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian			293.52
					Uskalykian			294.8
					Surenian			297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian						Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian						Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian						Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean						Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian						Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Cincinnatian			Gamachian	443.8
		Katian							Gamachian	445.2
									Richmondian	446 *
									Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Edenian		450.4 *
						Mohawkian			Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian							Chatfieldian		453
									Turinian		453.7 *
						Whiterockian				Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
		Dapingian										467.3
		Dapingian							Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Ibexian			Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian							Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian							Tulean				477.7
									Stairsian				480.3 *
									Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
												Demingian †	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Stage 10														487.5
		Jiangshanian														489.5
													Aksaian			490.7 *
													Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian														494
		Paibian					Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian								494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †						Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian											Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian											Mayan/Menevian			500.5
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †			Amgan/Solvan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4														Amgan/Solvan	509
														Toyonian		Lenian †	510 *
														Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3												Botomian			514
		Stage 3												Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												Tommotian			521
		Stage 2												Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian												Nemakit-Daldynian		Manykaian †	529
																			538.8