PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126606 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Pamirs	Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Eastern North America		Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Serravallian									11.63
		Langhian									13.82
		Burdigalian									15.98
		Aquitanian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
		Bartonian									37.71
		Lutetian									41.2
		Ypresian									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian								251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian						Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian								259.51
		Wordian	Midian								264.28
		Wordian	Murgabian								266.2 *
		Roadian	Murgabian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian								273.01
		Kungurian	Bolorian								279.8
		Artinskian	Bolorian								283.5
		Artinskian	Yakhtashian								286
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian	Asselian	Bursumian †							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Virgilian			Late Pennsylvanian				298.9
		Kasimovian		Missourian							303.7
		Kasimovian		Desmoinesian							305.9 *
		Moscovian		Desmoinesian			Middle Pennsylvanian				307
		Moscovian		Atokan			Middle Pennsylvanian				312.7 *
		Bashkirian		Atokan	Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
		Bashkirian		Morrowan	Early Pennsylvanian	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chesterian	Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean		Chesterian	Middle Mississippian	330.9
				Meramecian		335.8 *
				Osagean		343.1 *
		Tournaisian		Osagean	Early Mississippian	346.7
		Tournaisian		Kinderhookian	Early Mississippian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			West Fallsian/Sonyean		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Southwoodian		Cazenovian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian			393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †		497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †	504.5
											509