PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Carboniferous Subepochs	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Ordovician of North America						Central Paratethys Stages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
		Tortonian															Pannonian			7.246
		Serravallian															Sarmatian			11.63
		Serravallian															Badenian			12.8 *
		Langhian																		13.82
		Burdigalian																		15.98
		Aquitanian																		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																		33.9
		Bartonian																		37.71
		Lutetian																		41.2
		Ypresian																		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																		56
		Selandian																		59.2
		Danian																		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
		Campanian																		72.1
		Santonian																		83.6
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
		Cenomanian																		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
		Aptian																		113
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian																		125.77
		Valanginian																		132.6
		Berriasian																		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
		Kimmeridgian																		149.2
		Oxfordian																		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
		Bathonian																		165.3
		Bajocian							Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites											168.2
		Bajocian								Humphresianum										168.4
		Aalenian							Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense										174.7
									Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons											180.1
									Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum											182
		Pliensbachian							Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni											184.2
		Sinemurian							Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi											192.9
		Hettangian							Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																		201.4
		Norian																		208.5
		Carnian																		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian																	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian																Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian																	259.51
		Wordian	Midian																	264.28
		Wordian	Murgabian																	266.2 *
		Roadian	Murgabian																	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian																	273.01
		Kungurian	Bolorian																	279.8
		Artinskian	Bolorian																	283.5
		Artinskian	Yakhtashian																	286
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian																	290.1
		Asselian	Asselian																	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Late Pennsylvanian												298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7				Late Pennsylvanian
		Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean		Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian		Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Kosovian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian			Kralodvorian		Gamachian	Bohdalec †			445.2
					Kralodvorian		Richmondian				446 *
					Berounian		Richmondian				449.7 *
							Maysvillian				Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Edenian					450.4 *
						Mohawkian	Chatfieldian					451.1 *
		Sandbian					Chatfieldian					453
							Turinian					453.7 *
							Turinian					Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
						Whiterockian					Canadian †	Zahorany †/Vinice		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
								Liben †							458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian													458.4
					Dobrotivian										458.5 *
					Oretanian										459.7 *
								Sarka †							461.7 *
		Dapingian						Klabava †							467.3
					Arenigian										468
							Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Ibexian	Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †				Cassinian †	470
		Floian					Tulean								473.9 *
		Tremadocian			Tremadocian		Tulean								477.7
							Stairsian								480.3 *
							Skullrockian		Demingian †					482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Skullrockian							485.4
		Stage 10												487.5
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												Series 3 †	497
		Drumian													500.5
		Wuliuan													Stage 5 †	504.5
																				509