PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of the Pamirs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cretaceous Subepochs	Devonian of Eastern North America		Precambrian of Russia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
			Miocene	Messinian										5.333
				Tortonian										7.246
				Serravallian										11.63
				Langhian										13.82
				Burdigalian										15.98
				Aquitanian										20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
				Bartonian										37.71
				Lutetian										41.2
				Ypresian										47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian										56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Senonian						66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian				Gallic						100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian				Neocomian						125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan							145
				Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan							149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan							150
							Heterian							154.5
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Callovian			Temaikan							164.3
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan							176
				Pliensbachian			Ururoan							184.2
				Pliensbachian			Aratauran							188.9
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian							201.4
				Norian			Warepan							208.5
							Otamitan							217
							Oretian							221
				Carnian			Oretian							227
				Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan							227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan							237
				Ladinian			Etalian							238
				Anisian			Etalian							242
				Anisian			Malakovian							246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian							247.2
				Olenekian			Nelsonian							249
				Induan			Nelsonian							251.2
				Induan		DUrville	Makarewan							251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian		Makarewan							251.902
				Changhsingian	Dorashamian		Waiitian							253.2
				Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian		Waiitian						Longtanian †	254.14
				Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian		Puruhauan						Longtanian †	254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian	Aparima	Flettian							259.51
Wordian				264.28			Flettian
				Barettian			266
					Murgabian		266.2 *
Roadian					Murgabian		266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian		Kubergandian		273.01
				Mangapirian	Kubergandian		276
					Bolorian		279.8
			Artinskian				283.5
				Telfordian			285
				Telfordian	Yakhtashian		286
					Yakhtashian		288.5
			Sakmarian		Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				West Fallsian/Sonyean		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Southwoodian		Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian							407.6
			Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian		Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
			Sandbian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
			Jiangshanian					489.5
			Paibian					494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †		497
			Drumian							500.5
			Wuliuan							Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4								509
		Series 2	Stage 3								514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian										Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau	1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian										Burzyan	1375
														1400