PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of the Pamirs	Devonian Subages	Precambrian of Russia	South American Land Mammal Ages		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Lujanian						0.0117
				Chibanian				Lujanian						0.129
				Chibanian				Ensenadan						0.3 *
				Calabrian				Ensenadan						0.774
				Calabrian				Sanandresian	Uquian †					1.7 *
				Gelasian				Sanandresian						1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Vorohuean					Tertiary †	2.58
				Piacenzian				Chapadmalalan						2.9 *
				Zanclean				Chapadmalalan						3.6
								Montehermosan						3.7 *
								Huayquerian						4.9 *
			Miocene	Messinian										5.333
				Tortonian										7.246
								Chasicoan						7.9 *
								Mayoan						9.9 *
								Laventan						10.9 *
				Serravallian				Laventan						11.63
				Serravallian				Colloncuran						13.7 *
				Langhian				Colloncuran						13.82
				Langhian				Friasian						15.4 *
				Burdigalian				Friasian						15.98
								Santacrucian						16.2 *
								Colhuehuapian						17.4 *
				Aquitanian				Colhuehuapian						20.44
				Aquitanian				Deseadan						20.9 *
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
				Rupelian										27.82
				Rupelian				Tinguirirican						28.9 *
			Eocene	Priabonian				Tinguirirican						33.9
				Priabonian				Divisaderan						35.9 *
				Bartonian										37.71
				Lutetian										41.2
				Lutetian				Mustersan						41.9 *
				Ypresian				Mustersan						47.8
				Ypresian				Casamayoran						47.9 *
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Riochican						56
								Itaboraian						56.9 *
								Peligran						58.9 *
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
				Danian				Tiupampan						62.4 *
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian						Epizigzagiceras				168.2
				Bajocian						Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense				168.4
				Aalenian						Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni				170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta				174.7
										Planulata				179.3 *
										Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi		179.8 *
Kanense					181.3 *
Carlottense					182.3 *
Kunae					183.5 *
Kunae				Pliensbachian	184.2
Freboldi					185.1 *
Whiteavesi/Imlayi					Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
					Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras					Canadensis	190.3 *
				Sinemurian		192.9
Pseudaetomoceras						Psiloceras	196.4 *
Franziceras/Euphyllites							196.5 *
Franziceras/Euphyllites				Hettangian			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
			Norian				208.5
			Carnian				227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Dorashamian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Dzhulfian		Longtanian †	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian				Midian			259.51
			Wordian				Midian			264.28
			Wordian				Murgabian			266.2 *
			Roadian				Murgabian			266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kubergandian			273.01
			Kungurian				Bolorian			279.8
			Artinskian				Bolorian			283.5
			Artinskian				Yakhtashian			286
			Sakmarian				Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian				Asselian			293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
			Kasimovian							Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
			Moscovian							Middle Pennsylvanian	307
			Bashkirian							Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Late Mississippian	323.2
			Visean							Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Tournaisian							Early Mississippian	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Late Famennian		358.9
										Middle Famennian		365.3 *
										Early Famennian		368.5 *
			Frasnian					Late Frasnian		372.2
								Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
								Early Frasnian		379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Late Givetian		382.7
								Middle Givetian		383.7 *
								Early Givetian		385.9 *
			Eifelian					Late Eifelian		387.7
			Eifelian					Early Eifelian		390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian					Late Emsian		393.3
			Emsian					Early Emsian		398.3 *
			Pragian					Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian					Late Lochkovian		410.8
								Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
								Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
	Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
			Katian							445.2
			Sandbian							453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian							470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
			Jiangshanian							489.5
			Paibian							494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †		497
			Drumian		500.5
			Wuliuan		Stage 5 †				504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4			509
		Series 2	Stage 3			514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian								635
		Tonian								720
		Tonian							Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							Karatau	1000
		Stenian							Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian							Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian							Burzyan	1375
														1400