PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Permian of China	Carboniferous Subepochs	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Nihewanian				0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Calabrian									0.774
		Gelasian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Yushean	Tertiary †			2.58
		Zanclean					Yushean				3.6
		Zanclean					Baodean				4.9
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Tortonian					Tunggurian				11.1
		Serravallian					Tunggurian				11.63
		Langhian					Shanwangian				13.82
		Burdigalian					Shanwangian				15.98
		Burdigalian					Xiejiaan				16.9
		Aquitanian					Xiejiaan				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
		Bartonian									37.71
		Lutetian									41.2
		Ypresian									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian								247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Vokhmian								251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Meishanian		Melekhovian					251.902
		Changhsingian		Baoqingian							253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Laoshanian					Longtanian †		254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Laibinian					Longtanian †		257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	Lengwuan							259.51
		Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	Kuhfengian							264.28
		Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			Noginskian					264.9 *
		Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Luodianian							273.01
		Kungurian				Pavlovoposadian					276.8 *
		Artinskian			283.5
				Longlinian	285.4 *
					Rusavkinian	287.6 *
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian		Zisongian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Zisongian		Late Pennsylvanian				298.9
		Gzhelian								300.1
		Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian					303.7
					Khamovnikian					304.8
					Krevyakinian					305.8 *
		Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian	Myachkovian				307
						Podolskian				308.9 *
						Kashirian				311.4 *
						Vereian				313.8
						Melekessian				314.8
		Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian	Melekessian	315.2
						Cheremshanian	316.9 *
						Prikamian	318.6 *
						Severokeltmian	319.9 *
						Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
						Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian	Zapaltjubian	323.2
						Protvian	324.4 *
						Steshevian	326.8 *
						Tarusian	329 *
		Visean			Middle Mississippian	Venevian	330.9
						Mikhailovian	331.9 *
						Aleksinian	333.7 *
						Tulian	335.8 *
						Bobrikian	339.9 *
						Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian			Early Mississippian	Kosvian	346.7
						Kizelian	350.7 *
						Cherepetian	351.9 *
						Karakubian	354.4 *
						Upinian	356.3 *
						Malevkian	357.6 *
						Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †				497
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †	504.5
											509