PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126002 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Cretaceous Subepochs	Cambrian of China		Silurian Ages of Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of China
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Tertiary †				2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian										11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Senonian								66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Gallic								100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian		Neocomian								125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Vokhmian									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian									Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian						Longtanian †		Laoshanian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian						Longtanian †		Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian								Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian								Kuhfengian	264.28
		Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian								Kuhfengian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									Luodianian	273.01
		Artinskian									Luodianian	283.5
		Artinskian									Longlinian	285.4 *
		Sakmarian									Longlinian	290.1
		Asselian									Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									Zisongian	298.9
		Gzhelian										300.1
		Kasimovian										303.7
		Moscovian										307
		Bashkirian										315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian			Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Batyrbaian		485.4
		Jiangshanian				Jiangshanian		Batyrbaian		489.5
								Aksaian		490.7 *
				Sakian				492.2 *
		Paibian				Paibian		494
		Paibian				Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Guzhangian		Wangcunian †	Series 3 †	Ayusokkanian		497
		Guzhangian		Guzhangian						499.5
		Drumian		Drumian				Zhanaarykian		500.5
		Drumian		Drumian				Tuesaian		503
		Wuliuan		Wuliuan/Taijangian				Tuesaian	Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan		Wuliuan/Taijangian					Stage 5 †	505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4		Duyunian						509
								Toyonian		510 *
								Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3		Nangaoian				Botomian		514
		Stage 3		Nangaoian				Atdabanian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Meishucunian				Tommotian		521
		Stage 2								525.5
		Fortunian								529
		Fortunian		Jinnigian						530.7
												538.8