PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Carboniferous of North America	Permian of the Salt Range	Silurian of North America			Cambrian Epochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Tertiary †			2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
			Miocene	Messinian													5.333
				Tortonian													7.246
				Serravallian													11.63
				Langhian													13.82
				Burdigalian													15.98
				Aquitanian													20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
				Bartonian													37.71
				Lutetian													41.2
				Ypresian													47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian													56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
				Kimmeridgian													149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Pliensbachian													184.2
				Sinemurian													192.9
				Hettangian													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
				Norian													208.5
				Carnian													227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian												247.2
				Induan													251.2
				Induan					Kathwai								251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Kathwai								251.902
																	252.4 *
									Chhidru								252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian				Chhidru						Longtanian †		254.14
									Kalabagh								255 *
									Wargal								256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian												259.51
				Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian												264.28
																	265.3 *
									Amb								266.1 *
				Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian				Amb								266.9
				Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian												270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian													273.01
				Artinskian													283.5
				Sakmarian													290.1
				Asselian				Bursumian †									293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian		298.9
			Kasimovian	Missourian		303.7
			Kasimovian	Desmoinesian		305.9 *
			Moscovian	Desmoinesian		307
			Moscovian	Atokan		312.7 *
			Bashkirian	Atokan		315.2
			Bashkirian	Morrowan		318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian		323.2
			Visean	Chesterian		330.9
				Meramecian		335.8 *
				Osagean		343.1 *
			Tournaisian	Osagean		346.7
			Tournaisian	Kinderhookian		351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				Cayugan	419.2
		Pridoli				Niagaran	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
								Alexandrian		438.7 *
						Medinan	Clinton			440.1 *
										440.7 *
			Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
			Katian							445.2
			Sandbian							453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian							470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10							Late Cambrian	485.4
			Jiangshanian								489.5
			Paibian								494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †	497
			Drumian									500.5
			Wuliuan									Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4							Early Cambrian			509
		Series 2	Stage 3										514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Fortunian	Terreneuvian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †		538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †		571.7 *
																	635