International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
- M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126165 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe | European Faunal Units | Permian of North America | Central Paratethys Stages | Silurian of the Baltic | Carboniferous Subepochs | Obsolete Names for ICS Units | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Villanyian | Tertiary † | 2.58 | ||||||||
Ruscinian | 3.1 * | ||||||||||||
Zanclean | 3.6 | ||||||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | Turolian | 5.333 | ||||||||||
Tortonian | Pannonian | 7.246 | |||||||||||
Vallesian | 8.7 | ||||||||||||
Serravallian | Astaracian | Sarmatian | 11.63 | ||||||||||
Badenian | 12.8 * | ||||||||||||
Langhian | 13.82 | ||||||||||||
Burdigalian | Orleanian | 15.98 | |||||||||||
Agenian | 20 | ||||||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | 23.03 | ||||||||||
Rupelian | 27.82 | ||||||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | 33.9 | |||||||||||
Bartonian | 37.71 | ||||||||||||
Lutetian | 41.2 | ||||||||||||
Ypresian | 47.8 | ||||||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | 56 | |||||||||||
Selandian | 59.2 | ||||||||||||
Danian | 61.6 | ||||||||||||
Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | 66 | ||||||||||
Campanian | 72.1 | ||||||||||||
Santonian | 83.6 | ||||||||||||
Coniacian | 86.3 | ||||||||||||
Turonian | 89.8 | ||||||||||||
Cenomanian | 93.9 | ||||||||||||
Early Cretaceous | Albian | 100.5 | |||||||||||
Aptian | 113 | ||||||||||||
Barremian | 121.4 | ||||||||||||
Hauterivian | 125.77 | ||||||||||||
Valanginian | 132.6 | ||||||||||||
Berriasian | 139.8 | ||||||||||||
Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | 145 | ||||||||||
Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | ||||||||||||
Oxfordian | 154.8 | ||||||||||||
Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | |||||||||||
Bathonian | 165.3 | ||||||||||||
Bajocian | 168.2 | ||||||||||||
Aalenian | 170.9 | ||||||||||||
Early Jurassic | Toarcian | 174.7 | |||||||||||
Pliensbachian | 184.2 | ||||||||||||
Sinemurian | 192.9 | ||||||||||||
Hettangian | 199.5 | ||||||||||||
Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | ||||||||||
Norian | 208.5 | ||||||||||||
Carnian | 227 | ||||||||||||
Middle Triassic | Ladinian | 237 | |||||||||||
Anisian | 242 | ||||||||||||
Early Triassic | Olenekian | Vokhmian | 247.2 | ||||||||||
Induan | 251.2 | ||||||||||||
Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | 251.902 | ||||||||||
Wuchiapingian | Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian | Longtanian † | 254.14 | ||||||||||
Guadalupian | Capitanian | Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian | Capitanian | 259.51 | |||||||||
Wordian | Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian | Wordian | 264.28 | ||||||||||
Roadian | Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian | Roadian | 266.9 | ||||||||||
Cisuralian | Kungurian | Leonardian | Cathedralian | 273.01 | |||||||||
Hessian | 281.9 * | ||||||||||||
Artinskian | 283.5 | ||||||||||||
Wolfcampian | Lenoxian | 286.1 * | |||||||||||
Sakmarian | 290.1 | ||||||||||||
Asselian | Nealian | 293.52 | |||||||||||
Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | Late Pennsylvanian | 298.9 | |||||||||
Kasimovian | 303.7 | ||||||||||||
Moscovian | Middle Pennsylvanian | 307 | |||||||||||
Bashkirian | Early Pennsylvanian | 315.2 | |||||||||||
Mississippian | Serpukhovian | Late Mississippian | 323.2 | ||||||||||
Visean | Middle Mississippian | 330.9 | |||||||||||
Tournaisian | Early Mississippian | 346.7 | |||||||||||
Devonian | Late Devonian | Famennian | 358.9 | ||||||||||
Frasnian | 372.2 | ||||||||||||
Middle Devonian | Givetian | 382.7 | |||||||||||
Eifelian | 387.7 | ||||||||||||
Early Devonian | Emsian | 393.3 | |||||||||||
Pragian | 407.6 | ||||||||||||
Lochkovian | 410.8 | ||||||||||||
Silurian | Pridoli | Ohesaare | 419.2 | ||||||||||
Kaugetuma | 421.7 * | ||||||||||||
Ludlow | Ludfordian | Kuressaare | 423 | ||||||||||
Paadla | 423.4 * | ||||||||||||
Gorstian | 425.6 | ||||||||||||
Wenlock | Homerian | Rootsikula | 427.4 | ||||||||||
Jaagarahu | 429.2 * | ||||||||||||
Sheinwoodian | 430.5 | ||||||||||||
Jaani | 431.8 * | ||||||||||||
Llandovery | Telychian | 433.4 | |||||||||||
Adavere | 434 * | ||||||||||||
Aeronian | 438.5 | ||||||||||||
Raikkula | 439.4 * | ||||||||||||
Rhuddanian | 440.8 | ||||||||||||
Juuru | 441.4 * | ||||||||||||
Ordovician | Late Ordovician | Hirnantian | 443.8 | ||||||||||
Katian | 445.2 | ||||||||||||
Sandbian | 453 | ||||||||||||
Middle Ordovician | Darriwilian | 458.4 | |||||||||||
Dapingian | 467.3 | ||||||||||||
Early Ordovician | Floian | 470 | |||||||||||
Tremadocian | 477.7 | ||||||||||||
Cambrian | Furongian | Stage 10 | 485.4 | ||||||||||
Jiangshanian | 489.5 | ||||||||||||
Paibian | 494 | ||||||||||||
Miaolingian | Guzhangian | Series 3 † | 497 | ||||||||||
Drumian | 500.5 | ||||||||||||
Wuliuan | Stage 5 † | 504.5 | |||||||||||
509 |