International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
- F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126165 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe | Central Paratethys Stages | Mesozoic Subages | Cenozoic Subepochs | Permian of the Russian Platform | Cambrian of West Avalonia | Carboniferous Subepochs | Obsolete Names for ICS Units | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | |||||||||||
Chibanian | Middle Pleistocene | 0.129 | |||||||||||||
Calabrian | Early Pleistocene | 0.774 | |||||||||||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | ||||||||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Late Pliocene | Tertiary † | 2.58 | ||||||||||
Zanclean | Early Pliocene | 3.6 | |||||||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | Late Miocene | 5.333 | ||||||||||||
Tortonian | Pannonian | 7.246 | |||||||||||||
Serravallian | Sarmatian | Middle Miocene | 11.63 | ||||||||||||
Badenian | 12.8 * | ||||||||||||||
Langhian | 13.82 | ||||||||||||||
Burdigalian | Early Miocene | 15.98 | |||||||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Late Oligocene | 23.03 | |||||||||||
Rupelian | Early Oligocene | 27.82 | |||||||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Late Eocene | 33.9 | ||||||||||||
Bartonian | Middle Eocene | 37.71 | |||||||||||||
Lutetian | 41.2 | ||||||||||||||
Ypresian | Early Eocene | 47.8 | |||||||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | Late Paleocene | 56 | ||||||||||||
Selandian | Middle Paleocene | 59.2 | |||||||||||||
Danian | Early Paleocene | 61.6 | |||||||||||||
Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian | 66 | |||||||||||
Campanian | Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian | 72.1 | |||||||||||||
Santonian | Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian | 83.6 | |||||||||||||
Coniacian | Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian | 86.3 | |||||||||||||
Turonian | Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian | 89.8 | |||||||||||||
Cenomanian | Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian | 93.9 | |||||||||||||
Early Cretaceous | Albian | Late Albian | 100.5 | ||||||||||||
Middle Albian | 106.2 * | ||||||||||||||
Early Albian | 109.9 * | ||||||||||||||
Aptian | Late Aptian | 113 | |||||||||||||
Early Aptian | 119.5 * | ||||||||||||||
Barremian | Late Barremian/Early Barremian | 121.4 | |||||||||||||
Hauterivian | Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian | 125.77 | |||||||||||||
Valanginian | Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian | 132.6 | |||||||||||||
Berriasian | Late Berriasian | 139.8 | |||||||||||||
Middle Berriasian | 140.6 * | ||||||||||||||
Early Berriasian | 142.7 * | ||||||||||||||
Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | Late Tithonian | Middle Tithonian | 145 | ||||||||||
Early Tithonian | 146.3 * | ||||||||||||||
Kimmeridgian | Late Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | |||||||||||||
Early Kimmeridgian | 152.2 * | ||||||||||||||
Oxfordian | Late Oxfordian | Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian | 154.8 | ||||||||||||
157.9 * | |||||||||||||||
Middle Jurassic | Callovian | Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian | 161.5 | ||||||||||||
Bathonian | Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian | 165.3 | |||||||||||||
Bajocian | Late Bajocian | 168.2 | |||||||||||||
Early Bajocian | 168.6 * | ||||||||||||||
Aalenian | Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian | 170.9 | |||||||||||||
Early Jurassic | Toarcian | Late Toarcian | 174.7 | ||||||||||||
Middle Toarcian | 180.4 * | ||||||||||||||
Early Toarcian | 182.9 * | ||||||||||||||
Pliensbachian | Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian | 184.2 | |||||||||||||
Sinemurian | Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian | 192.9 | |||||||||||||
Hettangian | Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian | 199.5 | |||||||||||||
Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | ||||||||||||
Norian | Sevatian | 208.5 | |||||||||||||
Alaunian | 213.2 * | ||||||||||||||
Lacian | 216.7 * | ||||||||||||||
Carnian | Tuvalian | 227 | |||||||||||||
Julian | 233.4 * | ||||||||||||||
Middle Triassic | Ladinian | Longobardian | 237 | ||||||||||||
Fassanian | 239.7 * | ||||||||||||||
Anisian | Illyrian | 242 | |||||||||||||
Pelsonian | 243.8 * | ||||||||||||||
Bithynian | 244.7 * | ||||||||||||||
Aegean | 245.5 * | ||||||||||||||
Early Triassic | Olenekian | Vokhmian | Spathian | 247.2 | |||||||||||
Smithian | 248.9 * | ||||||||||||||
Induan | Dienerian | 251.2 | |||||||||||||
Griesbachian | 251.4 * | ||||||||||||||
Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | 251.902 | ||||||||||||
Wuchiapingian | Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian | Longtanian † | 254.14 | ||||||||||||
Tatarian | Vyatkian | 256.8 * | |||||||||||||
Guadalupian | Capitanian | Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian | Severodvinian | 259.51 | |||||||||||
Wordian | Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian | Urzhumian | 264.28 | ||||||||||||
Roadian | Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian | Kazanian | Povolzhian | 266.9 | |||||||||||
Sokian | 270.7 * | ||||||||||||||
Cisuralian | Kungurian | Kungurian | Irenian/Ufimian | 273.01 | |||||||||||
Filipovian | 276.5 * | ||||||||||||||
Saraninian | 280.1 * | ||||||||||||||
Artinskian | Artinskian | Sarginian | 283.5 | ||||||||||||
Irginian | 285.9 * | ||||||||||||||
Burtsevian | 287.8 * | ||||||||||||||
Sakmarian | Sakmarian | Sterlitamakian | 290.1 | ||||||||||||
Tastubian | 291.7 * | ||||||||||||||
Asselian | Asselian | Shikhanian | 293.52 | ||||||||||||
Uskalykian | 294.8 | ||||||||||||||
Surenian | 297.5 | ||||||||||||||
Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | Late Pennsylvanian | 298.9 | |||||||||||
Kasimovian | 303.7 | ||||||||||||||
Moscovian | Middle Pennsylvanian | 307 | |||||||||||||
Bashkirian | Early Pennsylvanian | 315.2 | |||||||||||||
Mississippian | Serpukhovian | Late Mississippian | 323.2 | ||||||||||||
Visean | Middle Mississippian | 330.9 | |||||||||||||
Tournaisian | Early Mississippian | 346.7 | |||||||||||||
Devonian | Late Devonian | Famennian | 358.9 | ||||||||||||
Frasnian | 372.2 | ||||||||||||||
Middle Devonian | Givetian | 382.7 | |||||||||||||
Eifelian | 387.7 | ||||||||||||||
Early Devonian | Emsian | 393.3 | |||||||||||||
Pragian | 407.6 | ||||||||||||||
Lochkovian | 410.8 | ||||||||||||||
Silurian | Pridoli | 419.2 | |||||||||||||
Ludlow | Ludfordian | 423 | |||||||||||||
Gorstian | 425.6 | ||||||||||||||
Wenlock | Homerian | 427.4 | |||||||||||||
Sheinwoodian | 430.5 | ||||||||||||||
Llandovery | Telychian | 433.4 | |||||||||||||
Aeronian | 438.5 | ||||||||||||||
Rhuddanian | 440.8 | ||||||||||||||
Ordovician | Late Ordovician | Hirnantian | 443.8 | ||||||||||||
Katian | 445.2 | ||||||||||||||
Sandbian | 453 | ||||||||||||||
Middle Ordovician | Darriwilian | 458.4 | |||||||||||||
Dapingian | 467.3 | ||||||||||||||
Early Ordovician | Floian | 470 | |||||||||||||
Tremadocian | 477.7 | ||||||||||||||
Cambrian | Furongian | Stage 10 | 485.4 | ||||||||||||
Jiangshanian | 489.5 | ||||||||||||||
Paibian | 494 | ||||||||||||||
Miaolingian | Guzhangian | Series 3 † | 497 | ||||||||||||
Arcadian | 498.4 | ||||||||||||||
Drumian | 500.5 | ||||||||||||||
Wuliuan | Stage 5 † | 504.5 | |||||||||||||
Series 2 | Stage 4 | Branchian | 509 | ||||||||||||
Stage 3 | 514 | ||||||||||||||
Placentian | 517.1 | ||||||||||||||
Terreneuvian | Stage 2 | 521 | |||||||||||||
Fortunian | 529 | ||||||||||||||
538.8 |