PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian Subages of Germany	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of the Russian Platform		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Devonian of Eastern North America		Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene											0.129
		Calabrian			Early Pleistocene											0.774
		Gelasian			Early Pleistocene											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene								Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean			Early Pliocene											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene											5.333
		Tortonian			Late Miocene											7.246
		Serravallian			Middle Miocene											11.63
		Langhian			Middle Miocene											13.82
		Burdigalian			Early Miocene											15.98
		Aquitanian			Early Miocene											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene			Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian			Early Oligocene			Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian								33.9
		Bartonian			Middle Eocene			Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan								37.71
		Lutetian			Middle Eocene											41.2
		Ypresian			Early Eocene				Bumbanian							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Late Paleocene			Gashatan								56
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene											59.2
		Danian			Early Paleocene											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Buntsandstein													251.902
		Wuchiapingian												Longtanian †		254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Tatarian	Vyatkian							Longtanian †		256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller				Severodvinian									259.51
		Wordian	Leine				Urzhumian									264.28
		Roadian				Kazanian	Povolzhian									266.9
		Roadian				Kazanian	Sokian									270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian									273.01
							Filipovian									276.5 *
							Saraninian									280.1 *
		Artinskian				Artinskian	Sarginian									283.5
							Irginian									285.9 *
							Burtsevian									287.8 *
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian		Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian		Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian		Asselian		Shikhanian	293.52
						Uskalykian	294.8
						Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Mapingian †						Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian		Mapingian †							303.7
		Kasimovian									305.9
		Moscovian								Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian								Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean								Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian								Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								West Fallsian/Sonyean		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								Southwoodian		Cazenovian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian			393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †					497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †		504.5
																509