PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian Subages of Germany	Devonian of France	Devonian Subages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carboniferous of Western Europe		Carboniferous Subepochs
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Tertiary †						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian										11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Buntsandstein									251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Buntsandstein				Longtanian †					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller									259.51
		Wordian	Leine									264.28
		Roadian										266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian										273.01
		Artinskian										283.5
		Sakmarian										290.1
		Asselian										293.52
		Asselian							Kuzel			297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Kuzel		Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
									Stephanian	Stephanian C		300.3 *
										Stephanian B		300.9 *
										Stephanian A		301.4 *
		Kasimovian								Stephanian A		303.7
		Kasimovian								Cantabrian		305 *
		Moscovian								Cantabrian	Middle Pennsylvanian	307
				Westphalian	Westphalian D			307.4 *
					Westphalian C			309.8
					Westphalian B			314.6
		Bashkirian			Westphalian B			Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
					Westphalian A				317 *
				Namurian	Yeadonian				318.8 *
					Marsdenian				320.2 *
					Kinderscoutian				321.5 *
					Alportian				322 *
					Chokierian				323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chokierian			Late Mississippian	323.2
					Arnsbergian				324 *
					Pendleian				327.4 *
		Visean		Warnantian	Brigantian †			Middle Mississippian	330.9
				Livian	Asbian †				336.3 *
				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian				340.2 *
		Tournaisian		Ivorian				Early Mississippian	346.7
		Tournaisian		Hastarian		353.7 *		Early Mississippian
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Famennian		Late Famennian				358.9
						Middle Famennian				365.3 *
						Early Famennian				368.5 *
		Frasnian		Frasnian		Late Frasnian				372.2
						Middle Frasnian				375.4 *
						Early Frasnian				379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian		Late Givetian				382.7
						Middle Givetian				383.7 *
						Early Givetian				385.9 *
		Eifelian		Couvinien		Late Eifelian				387.7
		Eifelian				Early Eifelian				390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Late Emsian				393.3
		Emsian				Early Emsian				398.3 *
		Pragian				Pragian				407.6
		Pragian		Coblencien		Pragian				408.2 *
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine		Late Lochkovian				410.8
						Middle Lochkovian				412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian				415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
		Katian								445.2
		Sandbian								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †				497
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †			504.5
												509