PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian Subages of Germany	Silurian of the Baltic	Silurian Ages of Europe	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Silurian of England		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Serravallian														11.63
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Oteke	Puaroan									145
		Kimmeridgian				Oteke	Puaroan									149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan									150
							Heterian									154.5
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Callovian					Temaikan									164.3
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian								Epizigzagiceras						168.2
		Bajocian								Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense						168.4
		Aalenian								Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta						174.7
						Herangi	Ururoan			Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta						176
										Planulata						179.3 *
										Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi				179.8 *
										Kanense						181.3 *
										Carlottense						182.3 *
										Kunae						183.5 *
		Pliensbachian								Kunae						184.2
										Freboldi						185.1 *
										Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras					186.2 *
							Aratauran			Whiteavesi/Imlayi						188.9
																189.2 *
										Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis					190.3 *
		Sinemurian														192.9
										Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras				196.4 *
										Franziceras/Euphyllites						196.5 *
		Hettangian								Franziceras/Euphyllites						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Balfour	Otapirian									201.4
		Norian					Warepan									208.5
							Otamitan									217
							Oretian									221
		Carnian					Oretian									227
		Carnian				Gore	Kaihikuan									227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Kaihikuan									237
		Ladinian	Etalian	238
		Anisian	Etalian	242
		Anisian	Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian	Nelsonian	249
		Induan	Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Buntsandstein	251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian		Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan		Longtanian †	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller	Aparima	Flettian		259.51
		Wordian	Leine		Flettian		264.28
		Wordian	Leine		Barettian		266
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian		276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian		283.5
					Telfordian		285
							288.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian					Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian					Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian					Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean					Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian					Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Ohesaare	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle				Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
								Ohesaare					Bringewood/Elton	421.3
								Kaugetuma					Bringewood/Elton	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare	Coalbrookdale				Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Ludfordian						Paadla					Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423.4 *
		Gorstian												425.6
		Gorstian											Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula					Buildwas	Gleedonian	427.4
								Rootsikula	Wych				Woolhope		428.4 *
								Jaagarahu							429.2 *
														Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian													430.5
		Sheinwoodian						Jaani							431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian						Jaani							433.4
								Adavere							434 *
															436.3 *
		Aeronian													438.5
									Cowleigh Park						439.3 *
								Raikkula							439.4 *
		Rhuddanian						Raikkula			440.8
		Rhuddanian						Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
		Katian								445.2
		Sandbian								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †	497
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †					504.5
																509