PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of Western Europe	Permian of China	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Central Paratethys Stages	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian						Pannonian				7.246
		Serravallian						Sarmatian				11.63
		Serravallian						Badenian				12.8 *
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Meishanian								251.902
		Changhsingian		Baoqingian								253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Zechstein	Laoshanian							Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Zechstein	Laibinian							Longtanian †	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Rotliegendes	Lengwuan								259.51
		Wordian		Kuhfengian								264.28
		Roadian		Kuhfengian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Luodianian								273.01
		Artinskian	Autunian	Luodianian								283.5
		Artinskian		Longlinian								285.4 *
		Sakmarian		Longlinian								290.1
		Asselian		Zisongian								293.52
		Asselian				Kuzel						297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
												300.1
						Stephanian	Stephanian C					300.3 *
					Stephanian B		300.9 *
					Stephanian A		301.4 *
		Kasimovian			Stephanian A		303.7
		Kasimovian			Cantabrian		305 *
		Moscovian			Cantabrian		Middle Pennsylvanian		307
					Westphalian	Westphalian D			307.4 *
						Westphalian C		309.8
						Westphalian B		314.6
		Bashkirian				Westphalian B	Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
						Westphalian A		317 *
					Namurian	Yeadonian		318.8 *
						Marsdenian		320.2 *
						Kinderscoutian		321.5 *
						Alportian		322 *
						Chokierian		323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chokierian	Late Mississippian	323.2
						Arnsbergian		324 *
						Pendleian		327.4 *
		Visean			Warnantian	Brigantian †	Middle Mississippian	330.9
					Livian	Asbian †		336.3 *
					Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
		Tournaisian			Ivorian		Early Mississippian	346.7
		Tournaisian			Hastarian		Early Mississippian	353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian							Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Branchian			509
		Stage 3						Branchian			514
		Stage 3						Placentian			517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
												538.8