International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
- Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Permian of Western Europe | European Faunal Zones | Neogene Mammal Ages of China | Devonian of Czechoslovakia | Carboniferous Subepochs | Obsolete Names for ICS Units | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quaternary | Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Nihewanian | 0.0117 | |||||||
| Chibanian | 0.129 | ||||||||||
| Calabrian | 0.774 | ||||||||||
| Gelasian | MN 17 | 1.8 | |||||||||
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | MN 16 | Yushean | Tertiary † | 2.58 | |||||
| MN 15 | 3.2 | ||||||||||
| Zanclean | 3.6 | ||||||||||
| MN 14 | 4.2 | ||||||||||
| MN 13 | Baodean | 4.9 | |||||||||
| Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | |||||||||
| Tortonian | MN 12 | 7.246 | |||||||||
| MN 11 | 7.75 | ||||||||||
| MN 10 | 8.7 | ||||||||||
| MN 9 | 9.7 | ||||||||||
| MN 7 + 8 | Tunggurian | 11.1 | |||||||||
| Serravallian | 11.63 | ||||||||||
| MN 6 | 12.8 * | ||||||||||
| Langhian | MN 5 | Shanwangian | 13.82 | ||||||||
| Burdigalian | MN 4 | 15.98 | |||||||||
| MN 3 | Xiejiaan | 16.9 | |||||||||
| MN 2 | 20 | ||||||||||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||||||
| MN 1 | 22.4 | ||||||||||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | 23.03 | ||||||||
| Rupelian | 27.82 | ||||||||||
| Eocene | Priabonian | 33.9 | |||||||||
| Bartonian | 37.71 | ||||||||||
| Lutetian | 41.2 | ||||||||||
| Ypresian | 47.8 | ||||||||||
| Paleocene | Thanetian | 56 | |||||||||
| Selandian | 59.2 | ||||||||||
| Danian | 61.6 | ||||||||||
| Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | 66 | ||||||||
| Campanian | 72.1 | ||||||||||
| Santonian | 83.6 | ||||||||||
| Coniacian | 86.3 | ||||||||||
| Turonian | 89.8 | ||||||||||
| Cenomanian | 93.9 | ||||||||||
| Early Cretaceous | Albian | 100.5 | |||||||||
| Aptian | 113 | ||||||||||
| Barremian | 121.4 | ||||||||||
| Hauterivian | 125.77 | ||||||||||
| Valanginian | 132.6 | ||||||||||
| Berriasian | 139.8 | ||||||||||
| Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | 145 | ||||||||
| Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | ||||||||||
| Oxfordian | 154.8 | ||||||||||
| Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | |||||||||
| Bathonian | 165.3 | ||||||||||
| Bajocian | 168.2 | ||||||||||
| Aalenian | 170.9 | ||||||||||
| Early Jurassic | Toarcian | 174.7 | |||||||||
| Pliensbachian | 184.2 | ||||||||||
| Sinemurian | 192.9 | ||||||||||
| Hettangian | 199.5 | ||||||||||
| Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | ||||||||
| Norian | 208.5 | ||||||||||
| Carnian | 227 | ||||||||||
| Middle Triassic | Ladinian | 237 | |||||||||
| Anisian | 242 | ||||||||||
| Early Triassic | Olenekian | 247.2 | |||||||||
| Induan | 251.2 | ||||||||||
| Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | 251.902 | ||||||||
| Wuchiapingian | Zechstein | Longtanian † | 254.14 | ||||||||
| Guadalupian | Capitanian | Rotliegendes | 259.51 | ||||||||
| Wordian | 264.28 | ||||||||||
| Roadian | 266.9 | ||||||||||
| Cisuralian | Kungurian | 273.01 | |||||||||
| Artinskian | Autunian | 283.5 | |||||||||
| Sakmarian | 290.1 | ||||||||||
| Asselian | 293.52 | ||||||||||
| Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | Late Pennsylvanian | 298.9 | |||||||
| Kasimovian | 303.7 | ||||||||||
| Moscovian | Middle Pennsylvanian | 307 | |||||||||
| Bashkirian | Early Pennsylvanian | 315.2 | |||||||||
| Mississippian | Serpukhovian | Late Mississippian | 323.2 | ||||||||
| Visean | Middle Mississippian | 330.9 | |||||||||
| Tournaisian | Early Mississippian | 346.7 | |||||||||
| Devonian | Late Devonian | Famennian | 358.9 | ||||||||
| Frasnian | 372.2 | ||||||||||
| Middle Devonian | Givetian | Srbsko | 382.7 | ||||||||
| Eifelian | Chotec | 387.7 | |||||||||
| Early Devonian | Emsian | Daleje/Zlichovian | 393.3 | ||||||||
| Pragian | Pragian | 407.6 | |||||||||
| Lochkovian | Lochkovian | 410.8 | |||||||||
| Silurian | Pridoli | 419.2 | |||||||||
| Ludlow | Ludfordian | 423 | |||||||||
| Gorstian | 425.6 | ||||||||||
| Wenlock | Homerian | 427.4 | |||||||||
| Sheinwoodian | 430.5 | ||||||||||
| Llandovery | Telychian | 433.4 | |||||||||
| Aeronian | 438.5 | ||||||||||
| Rhuddanian | 440.8 | ||||||||||
| Ordovician | Late Ordovician | Hirnantian | 443.8 | ||||||||
| Katian | 445.2 | ||||||||||
| Sandbian | 453 | ||||||||||
| Middle Ordovician | Darriwilian | 458.4 | |||||||||
| Dapingian | 467.3 | ||||||||||
| Early Ordovician | Floian | 470 | |||||||||
| Tremadocian | 477.7 | ||||||||||
| Cambrian | Furongian | Stage 10 | 485.4 | ||||||||
| Jiangshanian | 489.5 | ||||||||||
| Paibian | 494 | ||||||||||
| Miaolingian | Guzhangian | Series 3 † | 497 | ||||||||
| Drumian | 500.5 | ||||||||||
| Wuliuan | Stage 5 † | 504.5 | |||||||||
| 509 | |||||||||||