PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of the Salt Range	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Cambrian of China		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										0
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
				Chibanian										0.129
				Calabrian										0.774
				Gelasian										1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †	2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
			Miocene	Messinian										5.333
				Tortonian										7.246
				Serravallian										11.63
				Langhian										13.82
				Burdigalian										15.98
				Aquitanian										20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
				Bartonian										37.71
				Lutetian										41.2
				Ypresian										47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian										56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Oteke	Puaroan			145
				Kimmeridgian						Oteke	Puaroan			149.2
										Kawhia	Ohauan			150
											Heterian			154.5
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Callovian							Temaikan			164.3
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian		Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites								168.2
				Bajocian			Humphresianum							168.4
				Aalenian		Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum								170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense							174.7
							Thouarsense			Herangi	Ururoan			176
														180.1
						Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum								182
				Pliensbachian		Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni								184.2
				Pliensbachian		Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni					Aratauran			188.9
				Sinemurian		Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi								192.9
				Hettangian		Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis								199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						Balfour	Otapirian			201.4
				Norian							Warepan			208.5
											Otamitan			217
											Oretian			221
				Carnian							Oretian			227
				Carnian						Gore	Kaihikuan			227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian							Kaihikuan			237
				Ladinian							Etalian			238
				Anisian							Etalian			242
Malakovian				Anisian	246
Malakovian			Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
Nelsonian				Olenekian	249
Nelsonian				Induan	251.2
Kathwai				Induan	DUrville			Makarewan	251.5 *
Kathwai	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
									252.4 *
Chhidru									252.9 *
								Waiitian	253.2
				Wuchiapingian				Waiitian	Longtanian †	254.14
								Puruhauan		254.2
Kalabagh										255 *
Wargal										256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima			Flettian		259.51
				Wordian						264.28
										265.3 *
								Barettian		266
Amb										266.1 *
Amb				Roadian						266.9
				Roadian						270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
				Kungurian				Mangapirian		276
				Artinskian				Mangapirian		283.5
								Telfordian		285
										288.5
				Sakmarian						290.1
				Asselian						293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
				Kasimovian						Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
				Moscovian						Middle Pennsylvanian	307
				Bashkirian						Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Late Mississippian	323.2
				Visean						Middle Mississippian	330.9
				Tournaisian						Early Mississippian	346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
				Pragian							407.6
				Lochkovian							410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
			Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
			Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
				Aeronian							438.5
				Rhuddanian							440.8
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
				Katian			445.2
				Sandbian			453
			Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
			Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
			Early Ordovician	Floian			470
			Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
		Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †				485.4
				Jiangshanian		Jiangshanian					489.5
				Paibian		Paibian					494
				Paibian		Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian				494.9 *
			Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Guzhangian	Wangcunian †				Series 3 †	497
				Drumian		Drumian	Wangcunian †					500.5
				Wuliuan		Wuliuan/Taijangian			Stage 5 †			504.5
			Series 2	Stage 4		Duyunian						509
			Series 2	Stage 3		Nangaoian						514
			Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Meishucunian						521
				Fortunian		Meishucunian						529
				Fortunian		Jinnigian						530.7
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										538.8
			Cryogenian										635
			Tonian										720
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										1000
			Ectasian										1200
			Calymmian										1400
		Paleoproterozoic	Statherian										1600
			Orosirian										1800
			Rhyacian										2050
			Siderian										2300
	Archean	Neoarchean											2500
		Mesoarchean											2800
		Paleoarchean											3200
		Eoarchean											3600
	Hadean												4000
														4600