PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Permian of the Pamirs	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Central Paratethys Stages	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian								Pannonian				7.246
		Serravallian								Sarmatian				11.63
		Serravallian								Badenian				12.8 *
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian		Epizigzagiceras										168.2
		Bajocian		Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense										168.4
		Aalenian		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta										174.7
				Planulata										179.3 *
				Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi								179.8 *
				Kanense										181.3 *
				Carlottense										182.3 *
				Kunae										183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Kunae										184.2
				Freboldi										185.1 *
				Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras									186.2 *
					Tetraspidoceras									189.2 *
				Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis									190.3 *
		Sinemurian												192.9
				Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras								196.4 *
				Franziceras/Euphyllites										196.5 *
		Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian					Dorashamian						251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian					Dorashamian						253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian					Dzhulfian					Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Laibinian					Dzhulfian					Longtanian †	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan				Midian		259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian				Midian		264.28
		Wordian					Murgabian		266.2 *
		Roadian					Murgabian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian				Kubergandian		273.01
		Kungurian					Bolorian		279.8
		Artinskian							283.5
			Longlinian						285.4 *
							Yakhtashian		286
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian				Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian						Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Gzhelian								300.1
		Kasimovian								303.7
		Moscovian							Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian							Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean							Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian							Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian								Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian								Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli										419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian									433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									443.8
		Katian									445.2
		Sandbian									453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian									467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian									470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian									Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian									Batyrbaian	489.5
											Aksaian	490.7 *
											Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian									Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Ayusokkanian	Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian											499.5
		Drumian									Zhanaarykian		500.5
		Drumian									Tuesaian		503
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †			Tuesaian		504.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †			505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4										509
				Toyonian	510 *
				Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3		Botomian	514
		Stage 3		Atdabanian	515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian	521
														525.5