PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Cretaceous Subepochs	Carboniferous of North America	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Nihewanian					0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Calabrian										0.774
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Yushean			Tertiary †		2.58
		Zanclean					Yushean					3.6
		Zanclean					Baodean					4.9
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Tortonian					Tunggurian					11.1
		Serravallian					Tunggurian					11.63
		Langhian					Shanwangian					13.82
		Burdigalian					Shanwangian					15.98
		Burdigalian					Xiejiaan					16.9
		Aquitanian					Xiejiaan					20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Senonian							66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Gallic							100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian			Neocomian							125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Vokhmian								247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Vokhmian								251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian									251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian									253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian							Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Laibinian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian							Longtanian †	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian								259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian								264.28
		Roadian	Kuhfengian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian									273.01
		Artinskian	Luodianian									283.5
		Artinskian	Longlinian									285.4 *
		Sakmarian	Longlinian			290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian			Bursumian †		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian			Virgilian		Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Gzhelian				Virgilian			300.1
		Kasimovian				Missourian			303.7
		Kasimovian				Desmoinesian			305.9 *
		Moscovian				Desmoinesian		Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Moscovian				Atokan		Middle Pennsylvanian	312.7 *
		Bashkirian				Atokan		Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
		Bashkirian				Morrowan		Early Pennsylvanian	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chesterian		Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean				Chesterian		Middle Mississippian	330.9
						Meramecian			335.8 *
						Osagean			343.1 *
		Tournaisian				Osagean		Early Mississippian	346.7
		Tournaisian				Kinderhookian	351.9 *	Early Mississippian
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian						Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian						Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †				497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †	504.5
												509