PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of China	Silurian Ages of Europe	Devonian of Eastern North America		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †			2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
				Serravallian												11.63
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian												15.98
				Aquitanian												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
				Bartonian												37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Ypresian												47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian												56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian											251.902
				Changhsingian	Baoqingian											253.4 *
				Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian									Longtanian †		254.14
				Wuchiapingian	Laibinian									Longtanian †		257.7 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan											259.51
				Wordian	Kuhfengian											264.28
				Roadian	Kuhfengian											266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian											273.01
				Artinskian	Luodianian											283.5
				Artinskian	Longlinian											285.4 *
				Sakmarian	Longlinian											290.1
				Asselian	Zisongian											293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian							Late Pennsylvanian				298.9
				Gzhelian												300.1
				Kasimovian												303.7
				Moscovian								Middle Pennsylvanian				307
				Bashkirian								Early Pennsylvanian				315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian		323.2
			Visean	Middle Mississippian		330.9
			Tournaisian	Early Mississippian		346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan			Cazenovian	Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Southwoodian			Cazenovian	Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian			Helderbergian	Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian					Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian					Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian						Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
			Katian							445.2
			Sandbian							453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian							470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
			Jiangshanian							489.5
			Paibian							494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †	497
			Drumian								500.5
			Wuliuan								Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4									509
		Series 2	Stage 3									514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																635