PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126002 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of China	Cambrian of Australia	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										0
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
				Chibanian										0.129
				Calabrian										0.774
				Gelasian										1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †	2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
			Miocene	Messinian										5.333
				Tortonian										7.246
				Serravallian										11.63
				Langhian										13.82
				Burdigalian										15.98
				Aquitanian										20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
				Bartonian										37.71
				Lutetian										41.2
				Ypresian										47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian										56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Oteke	Puaroan			145
				Kimmeridgian						Oteke	Puaroan			149.2
										Kawhia	Ohauan			150
											Heterian			154.5
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Callovian							Temaikan			164.3
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Toarcian						Herangi	Ururoan			176
				Pliensbachian							Ururoan			184.2
				Pliensbachian							Aratauran			188.9
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						Balfour	Otapirian			201.4
				Norian							Warepan			208.5
											Otamitan			217
											Oretian			221
				Carnian							Oretian			227
				Carnian						Gore	Kaihikuan			227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian							Kaihikuan			237
				Ladinian							Etalian			238
				Anisian							Etalian			242
				Anisian							Malakovian			246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian							Malakovian			247.2
				Olenekian							Nelsonian			249
Induan				251.2							Nelsonian
Induan				DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Meishanian	Melekhovian	251.902
					Waiitian	Meishanian		253.2
						Baoqingian		253.4 *
			Wuchiapingian			Laoshanian		Longtanian †	254.14
					Puruhauan	Laoshanian			254.2
					Puruhauan	Laibinian			257.7 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Aparima	Flettian			259.51
			Wordian	Kuhfengian					264.28
							Noginskian		264.9 *
						Barettian			266
			Roadian						266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian					273.01
						Mangapirian			276
							Pavlovoposadian		276.8 *
			Artinskian						283.5
						Telfordian			285
				Longlinian					285.4 *
							Rusavkinian		287.6 *
									288.5
			Sakmarian						290.1
			Asselian	Zisongian					293.52
			Asselian						Kuzel	297.7
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
											300.1
									Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
											Stephanian B	300.9 *
											Stephanian A	301.4 *
			Kasimovian				Dorogomilovian					303.7
							Khamovnikian					304.8
							Khamovnikian				Cantabrian	305 *
							Krevyakinian					305.8 *
			Moscovian				Myachkovian			Middle Pennsylvanian		307
							Myachkovian		Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
							Podolskian				Westphalian D	308.9 *
							Podolskian				Westphalian C	309.8
							Kashirian					311.4 *
							Vereian					313.8
							Vereian				Westphalian B	314.6
							Melekessian					314.8
			Bashkirian				Melekessian			Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
							Cheremshanian					316.9 *
							Cheremshanian				Westphalian A	317 *
							Prikamian				Westphalian A	318.6 *
							Prikamian		Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
							Severokeltmian				Yeadonian	319.9 *
							Severokeltmian				Marsdenian	320.2 *
							Krasnopolyanian				Marsdenian	321.2 *
							Krasnopolyanian				Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
							Voznesenian				Kinderscoutian	321.9 *
											Alportian	322 *
											Chokierian	323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Zapaltjubian			Late Mississippian	Chokierian	323.2
							Zapaltjubian				Arnsbergian	324 *
							Protvian					324.4 *
							Steshevian					326.8 *
							Steshevian				Pendleian	327.4 *
							Tarusian				Pendleian	329 *
			Visean				Warnantian		Brigantian †	Venevian	Middle Mississippian	330.9
										Mikhailovian		331.9 *
										Aleksinian		333.7 *
										Tulian		335.8 *
							Livian		Asbian †	Tulian		336.3 *
							Livian		Asbian †	Bobrikian		339.9 *
							Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	Bobrikian		340.2 *
Radaevkian							Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	343.4 *
Tournaisian			Ivorian						Kosvian	Early Mississippian	346.7
									Kizelian		350.7 *
									Cherepetian		351.9 *
			Hastarian						Cherepetian		353.7 *
									Karakubian		354.4 *
								Upinian	356.3 *
								Malevkian	357.6 *
								Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian		445.2
		Sandbian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Datsonian	485.4
		Stage 10		Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian		Iverian	489.5
		Paibian		Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Mindyallan	Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian		Boomerangian		499
		Drumian		Undillan		500.5
		Drumian		Floran		503
		Wuliuan		Templetonian		Stage 5 †				504.5
		Wuliuan		Ordian		Stage 5 †				507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4		Ordian						509
		Stage 4								510.8 *
		Stage 3								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										1000
		Ectasian										1200
		Calymmian										1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian										1600
		Orosirian										1800
		Rhyacian										2050
		Siderian										2300
Archean	Neoarchean											2500
	Mesoarchean											2800
	Paleoarchean											3200
	Eoarchean											3600
Hadean												4000
														4600