PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of China	Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Central Paratethys Stages	Devonian of Eastern North America		Precambrian of Russia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene											0.0117
				Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene											0.129
				Calabrian		Early Pleistocene											0.774
				Gelasian		Early Pleistocene											1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene									Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean		Early Pliocene											3.6
			Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene											5.333
				Tortonian		Late Miocene					Pannonian						7.246
				Serravallian		Middle Miocene					Sarmatian						11.63
				Serravallian							Badenian						12.8 *
				Langhian													13.82
				Burdigalian		Early Miocene											15.98
				Aquitanian		Early Miocene											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Late Oligocene											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian		Early Oligocene											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian		Late Eocene											33.9
				Bartonian		Middle Eocene											37.71
				Lutetian		Middle Eocene											41.2
				Ypresian		Early Eocene											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Late Paleocene											56
				Selandian		Middle Paleocene											59.2
				Danian		Early Paleocene											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
				Kimmeridgian													149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Pliensbachian													184.2
				Sinemurian													192.9
				Hettangian													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
				Norian													208.5
				Carnian													227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian												251.902
				Changhsingian	Baoqingian												253.4 *
				Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian											Longtanian †	254.14
				Wuchiapingian	Laibinian											Longtanian †	257.7 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan												259.51
				Wordian	Kuhfengian												264.28
				Roadian	Kuhfengian												266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian												273.01
				Artinskian	Luodianian												283.5
				Artinskian	Longlinian												285.4 *
				Sakmarian	Longlinian												290.1
				Asselian	Zisongian												293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9	Zisongian
			Gzhelian		300.1
			Kasimovian		303.7
			Moscovian		307
			Bashkirian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		West Fallsian/Sonyean		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Southwoodian		Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Kosovian		443.8
			Katian			Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian			Berounian			449.7 *
			Sandbian						453
									Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
						Dobrotivian					458.5 *
						Oretanian					459.7 *
								Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian					Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian			Arenigian					468
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Arenigian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
			Jiangshanian								489.5
			Paibian								494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †	497
			Drumian									500.5
			Wuliuan									Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4										509
		Series 2	Stage 3										514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian												Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												Karatau	1000
		Stenian												Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian												Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian												Burzyan	1375
																	1400