PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of North America		Cambrian of Britain		Cambrian of China		Carboniferous Subepochs	Central Paratethys Stages	Cambrian of North America		Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian								Pannonian							7.246
		Serravallian								Sarmatian							11.63
		Serravallian								Badenian							12.8 *
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
		Bartonian															37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian															47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian															56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															251.902
		Wuchiapingian														Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian											Tatarian	Vyatkian		Longtanian †	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian											Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian	Wordian											Urzhumian			264.28
		Roadian	Roadian										Kazanian	Povolzhian			266.9
		Roadian	Roadian										Kazanian	Sokian			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian									Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			273.01
														Filipovian			276.5 *
														Saraninian			280.1 *
				Hessian										Saraninian			281.9 *
		Artinskian											Artinskian	Sarginian			283.5
														Irginian			285.9 *
			Wolfcampian	Lenoxian										Irginian			286.1 *
														Burtsevian			287.8 *
		Sakmarian											Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
		Sakmarian			Tastubian	291.7 *							Sakmarian
		Asselian		Nealian	Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
						Uskalykian	294.8
						Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
		Kasimovian			Late Pennsylvanian			303.7
		Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian			323.2
		Visean			Middle Mississippian			330.9
		Tournaisian			Early Mississippian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
									Dolgellian/Trempealeauan				Sunwaptan	487.5
									Festiniogian					489.2 *
		Jiangshanian								Jiangshanian				489.5
													Steptoean	493 *
									Maentwrogian					493.1 *
		Paibian								Paibian				494
		Paibian								Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						St Davids		Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Marjumian	Albertian †	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian								Drumian	Wangcunian †	Marjumian			500.5
		Wuliuan								Wuliuan/Taijangian		Topazan			Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan								Wuliuan/Taijangian		Delamaran			Stage 5 †	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Caerfai		Duyunian		Delamaran	Waucoban †			509
		Stage 4								Duyunian		Dyeran				511 *
		Stage 3								Nangaoian		Dyeran				514
												Montezuman				514.8 *
												Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Meishucunian						521
		Fortunian								Meishucunian						529
		Fortunian								Jinnigian						530.7
																	538.8