PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126006 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of Western Europe		Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous Subepochs	Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of the Pamirs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Australia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Cenozoic 6									0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene							0.129
		Calabrian					Early Pleistocene							0.774
		Gelasian					Early Pleistocene							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Late Pliocene					Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean					Early Pliocene							3.6
	Miocene	Messinian					Late Miocene							5.333
		Tortonian					Late Miocene							7.246
		Serravallian			Cenozoic 5		Middle Miocene							11.63
		Langhian					Middle Miocene							13.82
		Burdigalian					Early Miocene							15.98
		Aquitanian					Early Miocene							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Cenozoic 4		Late Oligocene							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian			Cenozoic 4		Early Oligocene							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Cenozoic 3		Late Eocene							33.9
		Bartonian			Cenozoic 3		Middle Eocene							37.71
		Lutetian			Cenozoic 2		Middle Eocene							41.2
		Ypresian			Cenozoic 2		Early Eocene							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Cenozoic 1		Late Paleocene							56
		Selandian					Middle Paleocene							59.2
		Danian					Early Paleocene							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Cretaceous 8	Senonian								66
		Campanian			Cretaceous 7									72.1
		Santonian			Cretaceous 6									83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian			Cretaceous 5									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Cretaceous 4	Gallic								100.5
		Aptian			Cretaceous 3									113
		Barremian			Cretaceous 2									121.4
		Hauterivian			Cretaceous 2	Neocomian								125.77
		Valanginian			Cretaceous 1									132.6
		Berriasian			Cretaceous 1									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Jurassic 6				Oteke	Puaroan				145
		Kimmeridgian			Jurassic 5				Oteke	Puaroan				149.2
									Kawhia	Ohauan				150
										Heterian				154.5
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Callovian								Temaikan				164.3
		Bathonian			Jurassic 4									165.3
		Bajocian			Jurassic 4									168.2
		Aalenian			Jurassic 3									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Toarcian							Herangi	Ururoan				176
		Pliensbachian			Jurassic 2					Ururoan				184.2
		Pliensbachian			Jurassic 2					Aratauran				188.9
		Sinemurian			Jurassic 1									192.9
		Hettangian			Jurassic 1									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Triassic 4				Balfour	Otapirian				201.4
		Norian								Warepan				208.5
										Otamitan				217
										Oretian				221
		Carnian			Triassic 3					Oretian				227
		Carnian			Triassic 3				Gore	Kaihikuan				227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Triassic 2					Kaihikuan				237
		Ladinian								Etalian				238
		Anisian								Etalian				242
		Anisian								Malakovian				246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Triassic 1					Malakovian				247.2
		Olenekian								Nelsonian				249
		Induan	251.2							Nelsonian
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan				251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Permian 4			Dorashamian	251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian				Dorashamian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian				Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan				Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian	Aparima				Flettian		259.51
		Wordian						Flettian		264.28
								Barettian		266
			Murgabian							266.2 *
		Roadian	Murgabian		Permian 3					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		Kubergandian					273.01
					Kubergandian			Mangapirian		276
					Bolorian					279.8
		Artinskian								283.5
								Telfordian		285
					Yakhtashian			Telfordian		286
					Yakhtashian					288.5
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1		Asselian					293.52
		Asselian	Permian 1		Asselian					Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5							Kuzel	298.9
										Stephanian	Stephanian C		300.3 *
											Stephanian B		300.9 *
							Stephanian A				301.4 *
		Kasimovian					Stephanian A				303.7
		Kasimovian					Cantabrian				305 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				Cantabrian				307
							Westphalian			Westphalian D	307.4 *
										Westphalian C	309.8
										Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian								Westphalian B	315.2
										Westphalian A	317 *
							Namurian			Yeadonian	318.8 *
										Marsdenian	320.2 *
										Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
						Alportian				322 *
						Chokierian				323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			Chokierian				323.2
						Arnsbergian				324 *
						Pendleian				327.4 *
		Visean	Warnantian			Brigantian †	Carboniferous 2			330.9
			Livian			Asbian †				336.3 *
			Moliniacian			Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian				340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian				Carboniferous 1			346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian				Carboniferous 1			353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian					Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian					Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Ordovician 5			Bolindian	443.8
		Katian								Bolindian	445.2
										Eastonian	449 *
										Gisbornian	452 *
		Sandbian					Ordovician 4			Gisbornian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Ordovician 3			Darriwilian	458.4
		Dapingian					Ordovician 2			Yapeenian	467.3
		Dapingian								Castlemainian	468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Chewtonian	470
									Bendigonian	471.8 *
									Lancefieldian	473.5 *
		Tremadocian					Ordovician 1		Lancefieldian	477.7
		Tremadocian					Ordovician 1		Warendian	482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Cambrian 5			485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Cambrian 4			Series 3 †	497
		Drumian					Cambrian 4				500.5
		Wuliuan					Cambrian 3				Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Cambrian 3					509
	Series 2	Stage 3		Cambrian 2			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Cambrian 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		Cambrian 1			529
														538.8