PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126700 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permian of Western Europe	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian											11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Oteke	Puaroan					145
		Kimmeridgian					Oteke	Puaroan					149.2
							Kawhia	Ohauan					150
								Heterian					154.5
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Callovian						Temaikan					164.3
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Toarcian					Herangi	Ururoan					176
		Pliensbachian						Ururoan					184.2
		Pliensbachian						Aratauran					188.9
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Balfour	Otapirian					201.4
		Norian						Warepan					208.5
								Otamitan					217
								Oretian					221
		Carnian						Oretian					227
		Carnian					Gore	Kaihikuan					227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Kaihikuan					237
		Ladinian						Etalian					238
		Anisian						Etalian					242
		Anisian						Malakovian					246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Malakovian					247.2
		Olenekian						Nelsonian					249
		Induan						Nelsonian					251.2
		Induan					DUrville	Makarewan					251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Melekhovian		Makarewan					251.902
		Changhsingian						Waiitian					253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Zechstein			Waiitian			Longtanian †		254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Zechstein			Puruhauan			Longtanian †		254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Rotliegendes		Aparima	Flettian					259.51
		Wordian	264.28
			Noginskian	264.9 *
				Barettian		266
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
				Mangapirian		276
			Pavlovoposadian			276.8 *
		Artinskian			Autunian	283.5
				Telfordian		285
			Rusavkinian	Telfordian		287.6 *
							288.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
		Asselian					Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Kuzel	Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
							Stephanian		Stephanian C			300.3 *
									Stephanian B			300.9 *
									Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian	Dorogomilovian							303.7
			Khamovnikian							304.8
			Khamovnikian						Cantabrian	305 *
			Krevyakinian							305.8 *
		Moscovian	Myachkovian					Middle Pennsylvanian		307
			Myachkovian				Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
			Podolskian						Westphalian D	308.9 *
			Podolskian						Westphalian C	309.8
			Kashirian							311.4 *
			Vereian							313.8
			Vereian						Westphalian B	314.6
			Melekessian							314.8
		Bashkirian	Melekessian					Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
			Cheremshanian							316.9 *
			Cheremshanian						Westphalian A	317 *
			Prikamian						Westphalian A	318.6 *
			Prikamian				Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
			Severokeltmian						Yeadonian	319.9 *
			Severokeltmian						Marsdenian	320.2 *
			Krasnopolyanian						Marsdenian	321.2 *
			Krasnopolyanian						Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
			Voznesenian						Kinderscoutian	321.9 *
									Alportian	322 *
									Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian					Late Mississippian	Chokierian	323.2
			Zapaltjubian						Arnsbergian	324 *
			Protvian							324.4 *
			Steshevian							326.8 *
			Steshevian						Pendleian	327.4 *
			Tarusian						Pendleian	329 *
		Visean	Warnantian				Brigantian †	Venevian	Middle Mississippian	330.9
								Mikhailovian		331.9 *
								Aleksinian		333.7 *
								Tulian		335.8 *
			Livian				Asbian †	Tulian		336.3 *
			Livian				Asbian †	Bobrikian		339.9 *
			Moliniacian				Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	Bobrikian		340.2 *
			Moliniacian				Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	Radaevkian		343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian					Kosvian	Early Mississippian	346.7
								Kizelian		350.7 *
								Cherepetian		351.9 *
			Hastarian					Cherepetian		353.7 *
								Karakubian		354.4 *
								Upinian		356.3 *
								Malevkian		357.6 *
								Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian		445.2
		Sandbian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		485.4
		Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †	497
		Drumian			500.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †	504.5
													509