PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126133 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of Western Europe		Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of the Salt Range	Cambrian of North America		Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of China
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †				2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Serravallian													11.63
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
		Induan													251.2
		Induan				Kathwai									251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Kathwai								Meishanian	251.902
															252.4 *
						Chhidru									252.9 *
														Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian										Longtanian †		Laoshanian	254.14
						Kalabagh									255 *
						Wargal									256 *
									Tatarian	Vyatkian					256.8 *
										Vyatkian				Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								Severodvinian				Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian								Urzhumian				Kuhfengian	264.28
															265.3 *
						Amb									266.1 *
		Roadian				Amb			Kazanian	Povolzhian					266.9
		Roadian							Kazanian	Sokian					270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian				Luodianian	273.01
			Filipovian	276.5 *
			Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
				Sarginian	Longlinian		285.4 *
				Irginian			285.9 *
				Burtsevian			287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian			291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian	Zisongian		293.52
				Uskalykian			294.8
				Surenian			297.5
				Surenian			Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian						298.9
									300.1
							Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
									Stephanian B	300.9 *
									Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian							Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian							Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian						Cantabrian	307
							Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
									Westphalian C	309.8
									Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian						Westphalian B	315.2
									Westphalian A	317 *
							Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
									Marsdenian	320.2 *
									Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
									Alportian	322 *
									Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian						Chokierian	323.2
									Arnsbergian	324 *
									Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean	Warnantian				Brigantian †		Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Livian				Asbian †			336.3 *
			Moliniacian				Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian			340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian						Early Mississippian	346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian						Early Mississippian	353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
		Katian								445.2
		Sandbian								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Batyrbaian	485.4
		Stage 10										Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian				489.5
						Aksaian					490.7 *
						Sakian					492.2 *
											Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian									Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Marjumian				Albertian †	Series 3 †	Ayusokkanian	497
		Guzhangian											499.5
		Drumian										Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian										Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan				Topazan						Tuesaian	Stage 5 †	504.5
						Topazan								505.3
						Delamaran								506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Waucoban †				509
												Toyonian		510 *
				Dyeran		511 *						Toyonian
					Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3				514
				Montezuman		514.8 *
				Montezuman	Atdabanian	515.6 *
				Begadean	Atdabanian	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian	521
		Stage 2				525.5
		Fortunian				529
															538.8