PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126700 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of China	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Ordovician of the Baltic				Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ordovician of Britain				Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
		Tortonian																		7.246
		Serravallian																		11.63
		Langhian																		13.82
		Burdigalian																		15.98
		Aquitanian																		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																		33.9
		Bartonian																		37.71
		Lutetian																		41.2
		Ypresian																		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																		56
		Selandian																		59.2
		Danian																		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
		Campanian																		72.1
		Santonian																		83.6
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
		Cenomanian																		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
		Aptian																		113
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian																		125.77
		Valanginian																		132.6
		Berriasian																		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
		Kimmeridgian																		149.2
		Oxfordian																		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
		Bathonian																		165.3
		Bajocian		Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites																168.2
		Bajocian			Humphresianum															168.4
		Aalenian		Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum																170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense															174.7
				Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons																180.1
				Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum																182
		Pliensbachian		Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni																184.2
		Sinemurian		Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi																192.9
		Hettangian		Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis																199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																		201.4
		Norian																		208.5
		Carnian																		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																	Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																		259.51
		Wordian																		264.28
		Roadian																		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																		273.01
		Artinskian																		283.5
		Sakmarian																		290.1
		Asselian																		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																		298.9
		Gzhelian	Xiaodushanian																	300 *
		Kasimovian	Xiaodushanian																	303.7
		Kasimovian	Dalaun																	305.8 *
		Moscovian																		307
		Bashkirian				315.2
			Huashibanian			318.5 *
			Lousuan			321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Dewunian			323.2
		Serpukhovian	Shangsian			330.8 *
		Visean	Shangsian			330.9
		Visean	Jiusian			335 *
		Tournaisian	Tangbagouan			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Harju	Porkuni	Kosovian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian					Pirgu	Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	Rawtheyan	445.2
											Cautleyan	448.9 *
											Pusgillian	449.3 *
							Vormsi		Caradoc		Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
							Vormsi	Berounian					449.7 *
							Nabala						Johvi †	450 *
						Viru	Rakvere							450.6 *
							Rakvere				Cheneyan			451.5 *
							Oandu				Cheneyan			452 *
							Oandu				Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian					Keila						Idavere †	453
							Keila					Actonian †		453.2 *
							Haljala					Actonian †		453.9
												Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
					Longvillian †							455.2 *
												Zahorany †/Vinice			Letna †	456.2 *
							Kukruse									456.4 *
											Aurelucian					456.8 *
					Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian											457.4 *
				Uhaku			Aluoja †						457.5 *
										Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Llanvirn				Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
								Dobrotivian					458.5 *
				Lasnamagi				Dobrotivian					458.9 *
				Lasnamagi				Oretanian					459.7 *
				Aseri									460.4 *
									Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
										Sarka †					461.7 *
				Oeland		Kunda									462.9 *
						Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum								464.3 *
						Volkhov									Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian								Klabava †						467.3
								Arenigian								468
					Arenig				Fennian							468.4 *
						Billingen										469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian														470
							Latorp †									470.1 *
									Whitlandian							471.1 *
						Hunneberg			Whitlandian							473.7 *
									Moridunian							474.3 *
		Tremadocian			Tremadocian				Tremadoc	Migneintian						477.7
										Cressagian						480.8 *
						Varangu										481.3 *
						Pakerort										482.2 *
																485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10														485.4
																486.3 *
																486.5
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †													497
		Drumian														500.5
		Wuliuan														Stage 5 †	504.5
																				509