PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous of China	Carboniferous of North America	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Devonian of Eastern North America		Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
				Serravallian												11.63
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian												15.98
				Aquitanian												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
				Bartonian												37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Ypresian												47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian												56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian					Vokhmian							247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan					Vokhmian							251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian						Longtanian †	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian					Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian							259.51
				Wordian					Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian							264.28
				Roadian					Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian							266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
				Artinskian												283.5
				Sakmarian												290.1
				Asselian		Bursumian †										293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Virgilian							Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
				Gzhelian	Xiaodushanian	Virgilian										300 *
				Kasimovian	Xiaodushanian	Missourian										303.7
					Dalaun	Missourian										305.8 *
						Desmoinesian										305.9 *
				Moscovian		Desmoinesian							Middle Pennsylvanian			307
				Moscovian		Atokan							Middle Pennsylvanian			312.7 *
				Bashkirian		Atokan							Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
Morrowan						318.4 *
					Huashibanian	318.5 *
					Lousuan	321.2 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Dewunian	Chesterian	Late Mississippian	323.2
			Serpukhovian	Shangsian		Late Mississippian	330.8 *
			Visean	Shangsian		Middle Mississippian	330.9
				Jiusian			335 *
					Meramecian		335.8 *
					Osagean		343.1 *
			Tournaisian	Tangbagouan	Osagean	Early Mississippian	346.7
			Tournaisian	Tangbagouan	Kinderhookian	Early Mississippian	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			West Fallsian/Sonyean		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Southwoodian		Cazenovian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian		393.3
			Pragian							407.6
			Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian		Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
			Katian							445.2
			Sandbian							453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian							470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10							Batyrbaian	485.4
			Jiangshanian							Batyrbaian	489.5
										Aksaian	490.7 *
										Sakian	492.2 *
			Paibian							Sakian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Ayusokkanian	Series 3 †	497
			Guzhangian									499.5
			Drumian							Zhanaarykian		500.5
			Drumian							Tuesaian		503
			Wuliuan							Tuesaian		Stage 5 †	504.5
			Wuliuan									Stage 5 †	505.3
		Series 2	Stage 4										509
										Toyonian			510 *
										Botomian			512.5 *
	Stage 3		514							Botomian
	Stage 3		Atdabanian							515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian							521
		Stage 2								525.5
		Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																635