PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous of China	Silurian Ages of Europe	Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of North America					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Silurian of the Baltic	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
			Miocene	Messinian															5.333
				Tortonian															7.246
				Serravallian															11.63
				Langhian															13.82
				Burdigalian															15.98
				Aquitanian															20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
				Bartonian															37.71
				Lutetian															41.2
				Ypresian															47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian															56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									Oteke	Puaroan					145
				Kimmeridgian									Oteke	Puaroan					149.2
													Kawhia	Ohauan					150
														Heterian					154.5
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Callovian										Temaikan					164.3
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Toarcian									Herangi	Ururoan					176
				Pliensbachian										Ururoan					184.2
				Pliensbachian										Aratauran					188.9
				Sinemurian															192.9
				Hettangian															199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									Balfour	Otapirian					201.4
				Norian										Warepan					208.5
														Otamitan					217
														Oretian					221
				Carnian										Oretian					227
				Carnian									Gore	Kaihikuan					227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										Kaihikuan					237
				Ladinian										Etalian					238
				Anisian										Etalian					242
				Anisian										Malakovian					246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										Malakovian					247.2
				Olenekian										Nelsonian					249
				Induan										Nelsonian					251.2
				Induan									DUrville	Makarewan					251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										Makarewan					251.902
				Changhsingian										Waiitian					253.2
				Wuchiapingian										Waiitian				Longtanian †	254.14
				Wuchiapingian										Puruhauan				Longtanian †	254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian									Aparima	Flettian					259.51
Wordian				264.28										Flettian
Wordian				Barettian	266
Roadian					266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian		273.01
			Kungurian	Mangapirian	276
			Artinskian	Mangapirian	283.5
				Telfordian	285
						288.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
			Gzhelian				Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian				Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian				Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian		307
			Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
							Huashibanian	318.5 *
							Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Dewunian	Late Mississippian	323.2
			Serpukhovian			Shangsian	Late Mississippian	330.8 *
			Visean			Shangsian	Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Visean			Jiusian	Middle Mississippian	335 *
			Tournaisian			Tangbagouan	Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli						Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian					Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian					Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					Gleedonian	Rootsikula	427.4
								Gleedonian	Jaagarahu	429.2 *
								Whitwellian		429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian							430.5
			Sheinwoodian						Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian						Jaani	433.4
			Telychian						Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian						Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian						Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian						Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian						Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
			Katian							Gamachian	445.2
										Richmondian	446 *
										Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
										Edenian		450.4 *
									Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
			Sandbian							Chatfieldian		453
										Turinian		453.7 *
									Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
			Dapingian										467.3
			Dapingian							Rangerian			469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian						Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
	Tulean		Floian							473.9 *
	Tulean		Tremadocian							477.7
	Stairsian									480.3 *
	Skullrockian									Demingian †			482 *
Cambrian	Skullrockian	Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
			Stage 10										487.5
			Jiangshanian										489.5
			Paibian										494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Series 3 †	497
			Drumian											500.5
			Wuliuan											Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4												509
		Series 2	Stage 3	514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian													635
			Tonian													720
			Tonian												Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												Karatau	1000
			Stenian												Yurmatian	1100
			Ectasian												Yurmatian	1200
			Ectasian												Burzyan	1375
																			1400