PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	South American Land Mammal Ages		Permian of China	Devonian of Germany	Silurian Ages of Europe	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cambrian Epochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Lujanian								0.0117
		Chibanian		Lujanian								0.129
		Chibanian		Ensenadan								0.3 *
		Calabrian		Ensenadan								0.774
		Calabrian		Sanandresian	Uquian †							1.7 *
		Gelasian		Sanandresian								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Vorohuean							Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian		Chapadmalalan								2.9 *
		Zanclean		Chapadmalalan								3.6
				Montehermosan								3.7 *
				Huayquerian								4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
				Chasicoan								7.9 *
				Mayoan								9.9 *
				Laventan								10.9 *
		Serravallian		Laventan								11.63
		Serravallian		Colloncuran								13.7 *
		Langhian		Colloncuran								13.82
		Langhian		Friasian								15.4 *
		Burdigalian		Friasian								15.98
				Santacrucian								16.2 *
				Colhuehuapian								17.4 *
		Aquitanian		Colhuehuapian								20.44
		Aquitanian		Deseadan								20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
		Rupelian										27.82
		Rupelian		Tinguirirican								28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian		Tinguirirican								33.9
		Priabonian		Divisaderan								35.9 *
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Lutetian		Mustersan								41.9 *
		Ypresian		Mustersan								47.8
		Ypresian		Casamayoran								47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Riochican								56
				Itaboraian								56.9 *
				Peligran								58.9 *
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
		Danian		Tiupampan								62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian		Melekhovian	251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian			253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian			Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Laibinian			Longtanian †	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan				259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian				264.28
		Wordian			Noginskian		264.9 *
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian				273.01
		Kungurian			Pavlovoposadian		276.8 *
		Artinskian					283.5
			Longlinian				285.4 *
					Rusavkinian		287.6 *
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian				Mapingian †	298.9
		Gzhelian						300.1
		Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian			303.7
					Khamovnikian			304.8
					Krevyakinian			305.8 *
					Krevyakinian			305.9
		Moscovian			Myachkovian			307
					Podolskian			308.9 *
					Kashirian			311.4 *
					Vereian			313.8
					Melekessian			314.8
		Bashkirian			Melekessian			315.2
					Cheremshanian			316.9 *
					Prikamian			318.6 *
					Severokeltmian			319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian			321.2 *
					Voznesenian			321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Zapaltjubian			323.2
					Protvian			324.4 *
				Steshevian	326.8 *
				Tarusian	329 *
		Visean		Venevian	330.9
				Mikhailovian	331.9 *
				Aleksinian	333.7 *
				Tulian	335.8 *
				Bobrikian	339.9 *
				Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian		Kosvian	346.7
				Kizelian	350.7 *
				Cherepetian	351.9 *
				Karakubian	354.4 *
				Upinian	356.3 *
				Malevkian	357.6 *
				Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian				393.3
		Pragian		Siegen				407.6
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian						Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Late Cambrian			485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Middle Cambrian			Series 3 †	497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Early Cambrian					509
	Series 2	Stage 3									514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
												538.8